2-Cyanophenol: Product Insight, Properties, and Key Facts

What is 2-Cyanophenol?

2-Cyanophenol stands out as a unique aromatic organic compound known for its clear chemical structure and versatile properties. Recognized by its IUPAC name, benzenecarbonitrile-2-ol, this product brings together a phenolic group and a nitrile group on the same benzene ring. Chemists identify its molecular formula as C7H5NO, accurate to a molar mass of 119.12 g/mol. Its appearance often surprises new handlers: 2-Cyanophenol commonly forms as colorless or pale yellow crystalline flakes, occasionally emerging as a fine powder. Sometimes you come across pearls or small solid granules depending on the manufacturing process or purification method. Most suppliers pack it in airtight containers because exposure to air gradually changes its properties.

Molecular Structure and Physical Properties

From a molecular structure perspective, 2-Cyanophenol carries a benzene backbone linked to a cyano (–CN) group at position 2 and a hydroxyl (–OH) group directly attached to the ring. The nitrile group pulls electron density, which not only influences its acidity compared to other phenols, but also its solubility and reactivity. Density hovers around 1.18 g/cm³ at room temperature—a crucial figure for those measuring out grams in the lab. Its melting point ranges from 92 °C to 96 °C. If you push the heat, the crystals slowly transition to a liquid, but the boiling point sits high at approximately 267 °C. That kind of heat stability makes it easy to handle in controlled industrial environments, but clear ventilation and thermal management are important for safety.

Specifications and Product Formats

You find 2-Cyanophenol in solid form most often, with bulk material existing as either chunky white flakes or shining powder, handled with care. Powdered samples dissolve with some effort in polar organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, or dimethyl sulfoxide, but you rarely see it dissolve directly in water due to the hydrophobic benzene ring. Some producers offer the crystalline solid or flakes for pharmaceutical raw material batches, while others deliver tiny pearls or granules for improved pouring and less dust. Standard packaging sizes might land anywhere between half a kilogram and a full drum, depending on industrial demand and transportation regulations.

HS Code and Regulatory Information

For customs and cross-border movement, the Harmonized System (HS) Code for 2-Cyanophenol often appears as 29269095, which covers nitrile-function organic compounds. Shipping regulations demand proper documentation and certification since 2-Cyanophenol can display both hazardous and harmful characteristics. Most logistics professionals stay alert to Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) outlining the chemical’s behavior during transit and storage.

Safe Handling and Hazards

Safety ranks high during use. Like other phenolic nitriles, 2-Cyanophenol presents a risk of harm if inhaled or absorbed through the skin. It emits a strong, sometimes acrid odor, warning handlers well in advance of potential vapor exposure. Always use chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and lab coats. Facilities must install strong ventilation to avoid hazardous vapor accumulation. If spilled on the skin or ingested, the compound can cause irritation or more serious complications. I remember working with a similar nitrile in the lab—despite all my care, a small spill went unnoticed and caused mild redness, which made me review my handling routine to improve both surface checks and PPE use. Emergency procedures stress the use of eye wash showers and prompt medical attention for severe incidents.

Applications and Raw Material Role

2-Cyanophenol frequently acts as a starting material or intermediate in organic synthesis. Its distinct structure helps chemists build pharmaceutical compounds, agrochemicals, and specialized polymers. The cyano group functions as a valuable handle for further chemical reactions—introducing functional diversity into larger molecules. The hydroxyl group, tightly linked to the benzene ring, enables reactions such as esterification and etherification, widening the toolbox for organic synthesis. Industry use ranges from dye and pigment production to advanced research in medicinal chemistry.

Material Solutions and Future Perspective

Where safer, more controlled products are needed, some teams work on encapsulation or safer derivative development, drawing from tough lessons learned during accidental spills or exposure cases. Responsible producers certify purity, monitor contaminant levels, and ship in tamper-proof, labeled containers to reduce risk. As the chemical sector moves toward green chemistry practices, researchers look for ways to transform phenolic raw materials into valuable chemical intermediates with fewer emissions, stronger worker protection, and lower waste streams. Proper education about handling, clear data sheets, and continuous monitoring remain the best solutions for both workers and the environment.