Hydrobromic Acid 33% Solution in Acetic Acid: A Practical Commentary
Historical Development
Chemists first isolated hydrobromic acid early in the nineteenth century, after the groundbreaking discovery of bromine itself. Since then, a steady evolution has occurred from basic laboratory synthesis to advanced forms. In days before modern safety standards existed, handling pure hydrogen bromide and bromine filled laboratories with sharp odors and noxious vapors, often causing severe burns. Mixing hydrobromic acid with acetic acid helped control the volatility, making it more manageable during experiments. Over decades, sustained research on halogen acids and organic solvents led to the regular use of this 33 percent solution as both safer and more reliable. Universities and pharmaceutical labs adopted it for consistent reactivity. Now, chemical producers follow strict guidelines in manufacturing hydrobromic acid blends, ensuring higher purity and more refined control compared to the rough, early syntheses. Knowing this history reveals how chemistry slowly shifts, step by step, toward materials better matched to research and industrial applications.
Product Overview
A 33% Hydrobromic acid solution in acetic acid occupies a specific spot in the chemical toolbox for laboratories and manufacturing outfits. Unlike the more hazardous anhydrous form, this blend offers a measured concentration of hydrogen bromide dissolved in water, all stabilized by the presence of acetic acid. The acetic acid cuts down on fuming, making the liquid easier to keep contained. Chemists rely on this product as a dependable brominating agent and catalyst, whether in large reactors or small glassware setups. In research and industry, it serves as a dependable way to introduce bromide ions with less hassle from excess gas release. As an acid, it also participates directly in organic syntheses requiring a sharp increase in acidity or in the regeneration of catalysts. Product literature usually lists it by both its full chemical name and its more familiar monikers, often branding it by concentration and solvent composition to mark its intended purpose.
Physical & Chemical Properties
With a density near 1.45 g/mL, hydrobromic acid in acetic acid appears as a colorless to pale yellow liquid. The solution gives off a pungent and slightly vinegary odor when open to air. Hydrobromic acid by itself dissolves well in water, but adding acetic acid lowers its volatility and shifts some balance toward less water-driven dissociation. The solution reacts quickly with bases, alcohols, and many unsaturated compounds, releasing bromide ions ready to swap places with reactive organic groups. Exposure to air causes gradual decomposition into lighter acids and bromine gas, so tightly sealed storage becomes crucial. Acidity runs high, as expected, and this solution eats away at many metals, releasing hydrogen. Unlike other strong acids, hydrobromic acid in acetic acid demands glass, ceramic, or specialized plastic containers, since regular steel tanks corrode within weeks due to bromide’s aggressiveness. All these features combine to make it more versatile but also demand greater respect from users.
Technical Specifications & Labeling
Suppliers label hydrobromic acid solutions with customary technical details: concentration at 33%, solvent composition listed as glacial acetic acid, and clear warnings regarding corrosive and toxic nature. Proper chemical cataloging systems such as the CAS registry provide unambiguous identification for regulatory and ordering purposes. Labels also display GHS pictograms—often the corrosion symbol along with health hazard icons. Product sheets break down trace metal concentrations, absence of extraneous halides, and guidance on permissible container materials. Lot and batch numbers back up traceability, meeting demands from research organizations and pharmaceutical manufacturers who require exact documentation for regulatory compliance. Temperature range for safe handling stays between 2 and 25 degrees Celsius, with lightning bolt warnings due to the risk of hazardous decomposition beyond these limits. Import and transport demand documentation matching local requirements—often with certifications in English plus additional languages for international trade. Such meticulous specification matches real risk, not just paperwork.
Preparation Method
The standard approach to preparing a 33% hydrobromic acid solution in acetic acid blends two parent materials: purified hydrobromic acid and glacial acetic acid. Starting with hydrobromic acid produced by bubbling hydrogen bromide gas into distilled water, chemists then measure out precise volumes for the target concentration. Commercial setups pump the acid directly from production reactors under hooded, negative-pressure equipment, blending in acetic acid by weight. Workers add hydrobromic acid to acetic acid slowly and under stirring to avoid dangerous localized heating or splash-back. Sealed glass-lined reactors form the backbone of this preparation, preventing metal dissolution and limiting vapor loss. Smaller batches use standard volumetric glassware in laboratories, always with auxiliary ventilation. Consistency matters, so suppliers routinely use titration and pH testing to double-check final concentrations before shipping. This meticulous process reflects the hazards at play, balancing production efficiency with operator protection.
Chemical Reactions & Modifications
This solution excels in organic chemistry as a brominating agent, delivering bromine directly to aromatic and unsaturated compounds. Researchers count on the mixture for substitution reactions requiring both strong acidity and bromide presence, such as the transformation of alcohols into alkyl bromides or the cleavage of ethers. The acetic acid solvent does not just sit idly—it helps dissolve less polar organic reactants, allowing more homogeneous reactions. In the presence of strong oxidizers, the solution releases elemental bromine, a reaction harnessed for in situ generation of brominating agents in advanced syntheses. Hydrobromic acid in acetic acid also acts as a catalyst for the rearrangement of organic frameworks, such as in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. Researchers sometimes tweak the acid ratio or introduce cosolvents to tune reactivity for specialized applications. The mix reacts exothermically with common bases and neutralizes with alkaline solutions, forming less hazardous bromide salts—but careful, since uncontrolled mixing generates heat and hazardous fumes. Experience teaches never to underestimate side reactions or byproducts, and staying attentive to pressure build-up or unexpected color changes keeps lab incidents rare but always possible.
Synonyms & Product Names
Across catalogs and purchase orders, hydrobromic acid in acetic acid carries several designations. “Hydrogen bromide solution in acetic acid (33%)” and “HBr in AcOH, 33%” show up often. Some suppliers use trade names pairing their company with the acid name, sometimes adding a concentration tag. Chemists also use plain language descriptors like “bromination acid solution” to distinguish it from other hydrobromic acid products. It pays to cross-reference synonyms before ordering, since small differences in solvent or percent composition can change how a reaction plays out. Researchers in multinational teams often double-check translations against CAS numbers and legacy formulae for clarity. Broadly, though, clarity in labeling leads to fewer errors, and experienced chemists value suppliers that minimize ambiguity on their shipping cartons and digital storefronts.
Safety & Operational Standards
Working with 33% hydrobromic acid in acetic acid, personal protection stands front and center. Full splash goggles, acid-resistant gloves, and heavy aprons form the basic ensemble. Ventilated hoods pull vapors out of the workspace, and chemical fume hoods stay required for even small transfers or experiments. Hydrobromic acid vapors cut into the respiratory system, while acetic acid carries its own choking odor—no one forgets a whiff after their first mistake. National workplace safety agencies, from OSHA to the European REACH system, classify this mixture as both a corrosive and a health hazard, demanding training before anyone lifts a bottle or pipette. Storage away from metals, oxidizers, and direct sunlight lowers the odds of decomposition or surprise fire. Chemical spill response kits, neutralizing agents, and generous eyewash stations remain as important as the acids themselves—accidents still happen, sometimes fast and unpredictably. Companies who invest in formal training, internal audits, and real-world drills do not do so out of bureaucracy, but from the lived experience of what corrosive burns and inhalation injuries cost employees and facilities.
Application Area
Synthetic organic chemistry uses hydrobromic acid in acetic acid in transformations central to pharmaceutical and industrial product pipelines. Medicinal chemists apply the solution for bromination steps in the creation of intermediates later used in antibiotics, antivirals, and other specialty drugs. Academics and industrial researchers alike turn to it for the preparation of alkyl bromides and for deprotecting certain groups on sensitive molecules—processes that fail with less potent acids. Petrochemical companies exploit this blend to facilitate addition reactions and synthesize specialty chemicals used in plastics or advanced polymers. In advanced materials labs, hydrobromic acid’s precise delivery of bromide ions allows for fine-tuning surface functionalization, modifying everything from coatings on glass to electron-transport layers in semiconductors. Quality control analysts rely on known reactivity patterns to run titrations or benchmark reference materials. My own time in research labs showed how a precise, consistent solution cut down on do-overs and surprises, ultimately speeding up discovery and production scale-up.
Research & Development
Innovation keeps pushing hydrobromic acid solution in acetic acid into new experimental territory. Researchers in green chemistry look for alternative solvents and catalysts, aiming to lessen environmental impacts and worker hazards, even with a tried-and-true reagent like this. Some groups use microfluidic reactors to test small-scale reactions, minimizing waste while mapping out optimal reaction conditions before moving to bigger batches. Academic centers across the world examine how trace impurities in off-the-shelf acid blends change yields and side product profiles, searching for recipes that further narrow error bars in complex syntheses. On the regulatory side, pharmaceutical partners sponsor collaborative studies to tighten up process consistency, particularly where traces of bromide or acetic acid could alter a drug’s safety profile. Technological advances now allow real-time tracking of acid strength and bromide availability during actual reaction runs, something that was nearly impossible to measure before. Funding agencies and commercial partners support these advances, hoping that safer, greener, or more efficient uses will justify further investment and drive down costs in crowded markets. The steady pace of incremental improvements means this old reagent stays relevant even as newer contenders emerge.
Toxicity Research
Hydrobromic acid seems straightforward, but its health risks can sneak up, even for old hands in the lab. Acute exposure burns skin and eyes, with severity linked directly to concentration and duration. Inhaling vapors irritates mucous membranes, cough, and, in bad cases, pulmonary edema. Chronic exposure hints at erosive effects on tooth enamel and possible bronchial damage, especially for workers in poorly ventilated spaces. Animal studies help draw clear lines between sublethal dosing and permanent lung injury. Toxicologists document rapid breakdown and elimination in the body, but only after immediate damage occurs. Mixing with acetic acid compounds the danger—spills can generate both hydrochloric and acetic vapors, overwhelming regular exhaust fans. Regulatory data pushes for upper limits on occupational exposure and mandates robust secondary containment in shipping and storage. Reports of accidental poisonings and burn cases led to the introduction of better hazard labeling rules and reinforced packaging. Research now bends toward understanding long-term, low-level effects for chemists exposed over years, a sore point in occupational health studies. Having suffered a minor skin exposure in early research days, I always remind trainees that respect for corrosive chemicals pays back in personal wellbeing.
Future Prospects
Despite its established presence, industry interest and academic curiosity drive new uses for hydrobromic acid in acetic acid. Companies developing sustainable manufacturing focus on reducing solvent waste, pushing for recovery and onsite recycling. Advances in flow chemistry may enable in situ generation and immediate consumption, minimizing hazards from bulk storage. Material scientists explore more selective bromination routes, hoping to cut down on overbromination and improve product purity. Regulatory tightening on hazardous transport will force suppliers to upgrade packaging and tracking systems, potentially driving some legacy products off the shelf. Next-generation pharmaceutical syntheses still tap the unique qualities of this reagent, since few alternatives match its performance on cost, speed, and reliability. Curiosity-driven research pursues novel substitutions and advanced syntheses—fields where only a sharp, precise acid blend will do. Some chemists bet that formulations combining hydrobromic acid with greener solvents will appear, matching regulatory trends as stricter emissions controls and health protections shape the industry’s direction. Even after two centuries in the toolbox, hydrobromic acid in acetic acid keeps finding new corners to fit itself into—proof that no reagent ever truly retires in the world of research and invention.
The Role in Pharma Synthesis
Hydrobromic acid, especially in a 33% solution with acetic acid, finds a dependable spot in pharmaceutical labs. Chemists rely on it to introduce bromine atoms into complex organic molecules, helping create the backbone of several active drug ingredients. This reaction, known as bromination, underpins the manufacturing of medicines—from anesthetics to antihistamines. The mix with acetic acid makes the whole process smoother and more selective, cutting back on unwanted byproducts. Many of the medicines on pharmacy shelves trace their roots to these chemical transformations.
Creating Valuable Intermediates
Organic chemistry does not work in isolation; each step builds toward something finished. Hydrobromic acid blended in acetic acid helps create intermediates that later morph into dyes, fragrances, and flavors. By reacting with different substrates, this solution crafts bromo compounds, which are the stepping-stones for many industrial chemicals. Without these, the pipeline to everyday products like synthetic vanilla or affordable dyes would dry up.
Laboratory and Industrial Synthesis
Researchers in both academic and industrial settings value this acid blend for its reliability. During my own graduate research, we depended on it while tailoring new molecules. Its straightforward application allowed us to achieve high-purity results even in tight deadlines. The strong yet “controlled” reactivity means seasoned chemists can lean on it instead of heavier options, which come with greater risks and larger waste streams. Its predictability has earned it a regular spot on chemical shelves.
Handling Contaminants in Electronics
Those manufacturing electronic parts have to maintain strict purity levels. Hydrobromic acid in acetic acid steps into the cleaning process, removing trace metals without damaging sensitive surfaces. It picks out unwanted ions with surgical precision, which is critical for making semiconductors that must meet exacting standards. Cleaners using more aggressive acids can etch or pit delicate materials, while this blend offers a reliable balance between power and precision.
Challenges and Solutions
Few reactants match hydrobromic acid in terms of both effectiveness and risk. The issue for many users is safety. At 33%, the solution gives off fumes which can irritate lungs and skin. Direct contact should always be avoided; gloves, goggles, and proper ventilation matter just as much as following the recipes in lab manuals. A surprising number of accidents come down to improper storage or trying to cut corners with waste disposal. Some facilities now use closed-system reactors—we started using them after one too many near-misses. These setups lower exposure and capture acidic vapors before they spread.
Environmental Considerations
Waste from bromination can harm waterways if it slips past treatment plants. Facilities aiming to minimize impact recycle or neutralize waste acids, using lime or sodium thiosulfate before disposal. Investing in these extra purification steps increases costs and red tape, but it saves on hefty cleanup bills and penalties. In the long run, a careful approach keeps harm to a minimum without slowing progress.
Reliable but Not Without Risks
Hydrobromic acid in acetic acid stands out for its efficiency and versatility. Its uses stretch from medicine to electronics to fine chemicals. Working with it rewards those who respect both its potential and its dangers. Through thoughtful application and strong safety habits, chemists and engineers keep pushing boundaries without putting people or the environment in danger. In any workplace relying on advanced synthesis, investing in training and responsible setup pays off in both productivity and peace of mind.
Understanding the Risks Behind the Label
Every product label tells a story. Reading the warnings can sound dry, but in my years working in environmental health, I’ve seen too many people pay the price for skipping those instructions. One coworker once shrugged off the advice to wear gloves while mixing a cleaning solution and ended up with a nasty rash that lingered for months. The simple act of following label directions makes a real difference. Most chemical products, from the cleaning supplies under your sink to the paints in your garage, carry risks if handled without care. Skin irritation, eye damage, respiratory issues, and even long-term health problems can result from carelessness.
Dress for the Job
Covering up may feel inconvenient, but it’s always worth it. I keep a box of nitrile gloves and a pair of safety goggles near my workbench. Gloves guard against skin exposure, which can cause anything from mild dryness to chemical burns. Goggles keep splashes away from vulnerable eyes, especially when working with anything that fizzes or produces strong fumes. Older friends who’ve worked in factories for decades swear by wearing long sleeves and pants during any serious project, even if it’s warm. That little bit of extra coverage has saved people from unexpected splatters more often than anyone wants to admit.
Breathe Easy—Ventilation Matters
Good airflow isn’t just about comfort. Many fumes, invisible and odorless, hold toxins that impact your lungs or nervous system. I always open windows wide and, on tough jobs, set up a fan to blow fresh air through the room. Sometimes a product calls for a specialized respirator—one designed for organic vapors or dust. The right mask, fitted snugly, beats a persistent cough or worse. In bigger job sites, engineers install exhaust systems to move harmful air out quickly. At home, the simple act of cracking open a window saves a lot of grief.
Storage: Safety Doesn’t Stop After Use
I once taught a class where a student admitted to keeping weed killer in a soda bottle. Mistakes like that lead to accidents. Chemicals always need to stay in original containers, with labels facing out. Store items on high shelves if children or pets live in the house. I keep flammable products in a dedicated fireproof cabinet, far from stoves or heaters. In homes with curious toddlers, a locked cupboard does the trick. Sometimes it’s annoying to dig out the right product, but peace of mind is worth it.
Be Ready for Spills and Surprises
Even careful people slip up. I keep baking soda, lots of paper towels, and a bucket of clean water on hand for quick cleanup of minor spills. For bigger messes, an absorbent clay or commercial spill kit handles most liquids. Eyes need an eyewash station or at least a bottle of saline within reach if something splashes. The poison control helpline is programmed into my phone just in case. Prompt cleanups and quick medical advice have prevented plenty of emergencies from becoming tragedies.
Learning Prevents Accidents
Safety training sounds like a chore, but those short videos and hands-on demos gave me crucial habits. Most community centers or hardware stores offer classes on chemical safety every season. I encourage anyone, from hobbyists to pros, to sign up. The time investment always pays off—no one regrets learning how to stay healthy and safe.
Understanding the Risks in Your Workspace
I’ve always felt more secure around chemicals after watching what can go wrong. Hydrobromic acid in acetic acid isn’t the kind of solution you want to handle casually. The mix is strong, corrosive, and volatile. Inhaling its vapors or spilling just a splash can leave a lasting mark—on the body and the surrounding workspace. The why is clear: both hydrobromic acid and acetic acid produce fumes that burn lungs and skin, and they chew through standard equipment if handled carelessly. News stories from labs and plants offer up regular examples of hospital trips and near misses.
What Experience Teaches About Safe Storage
Anyone who’s had to clean up an acid spill knows storing hydrobromic acid in acetic acid somewhere dark and cool isn’t just a guideline, it’s an unspoken rule among lab veterans. These acids punch through thin plastics and start breaking down metals. So, I always go with high-integrity glass or specialized plastic—like PTFE—which stands up to the solutions. Keep the container tightly closed, because the fumes build up and can leak fast if you cut corners. I learned early on never to trust containers with questionable seals or mysterious stains—it only takes one faulty jar for trouble to start.
The Importance of Ventilation
Proper ventilation changes the entire storage environment. Fume hoods aren’t just for when you use the solution. They’re critical for storage as well. I’ve seen what happens when someone stores acids in a cabinet without ventilation: the lingering fog of acid eats at metal hinges, labels curl up, and before long, the cabinet itself turns into a hazard. Chemical safety guidelines from groups like NIOSH and OSHA regularly update best practices, but the lesson stays the same: acids demand respect and attention to air flow.
Temperature Control is Non-Negotiable
Extreme temperatures—hot or freezing—mess with the stability of hydrobromic acid in acetic acid. Store the solution at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and heat sources, to avoid pressure buildup that can crack containers or pop lids. I’ve heard stories of containers splitting on a sunny shelf; those are the stories that keep me double-checking that storage rooms stay in the right temperature zone.
Always Label Clearly and Isolate from Incompatibles
It’s easy to skip labeling if you’re the only one handling chemicals in a small lab, but in shared spaces, missing or unclear information sets up accidents. I’ve seen the relief on colleagues’ faces when clear hazard labels make it easy to distinguish between “bad but manageable” and “immediately dangerous.” Isolation is just as critical: never stack or shelve strong acids, especially this combination, near bases, cyanides, oxidizers, or anything that can create toxic fumes if mixed by accident. This separation should be physical, not just a mental note, and it’s a habit that protects lives.
Waste, Emergency, and Regular Checks
Hydrobromic acid residues never belong in the sink or general waste stream. Follow chemical waste protocols; I always drop used containers in acid-labelled waste bins, and urge everyone to do the same. Regular inspections catch leaks and damaged containers early. Unattended problems grow. So, whether it’s a janitor, a technician, or a seasoned chemist, everyone benefits from scheduled checkups of the acid storage shelves.
Safety Doesn’t Start or Stop at Storage
Safe storage prevents disaster, but habits and vigilance around chemicals like hydrobromic acid matter every step of the way. Respect for these solutions comes from experience, close calls, and a genuine appreciation for protocols designed by folks who’ve lived through the mistakes. Follow those rules, and you make it home in one piece—every single time.
Looking at Shelf Life from Real Life Use
Shelf life comes up all the time in labs, clinics, and even kitchens. We hear it from pharmacists, chemists, teachers mixing up dyes, and even folks cleaning with household bleach. The question gets asked because using an old solution can mean ruined results or put someone’s safety at risk. Think about sodium hypochlorite bleach, for example. Its shelf life hovers around six months, especially if the bottle sits somewhere warm or gets exposed to sunlight. Over time, light and air change the chemical balance until the mix won’t sanitize or disinfect like it once did. That leads to bacteria lingering on what you thought was clean. I’ve tossed out more old bottles than I care to admit, because using a product past its time just means doing the job over later.
The Science Behind Degradation
Every solution has its own clock, ticking away as soon as it’s made. Environmental factors push things along faster than folks realize. Temperature swings, humidity, or exposure to oxygen all trigger chemical reactions. Enzymes or preservatives sometimes stretch shelf life, but nothing works forever. Antibiotic solutions, for instance, break down quickly once mixed, with many only lasting a week in a fridge. I remember the sharp difference between freshly prepared penicillin and one near its end—one did its job, the other struggled. It reminded me shelf life isn’t just theory on paper. Even glucose solutions for medical use can foster bacteria if kept too long, hurting rather than helping.
Efficiency Versus Economics
There’s always a temptation to stretch supplies. Hospitals and labs face rising costs and tight budgets. It’s tempting to squeeze value out of chemicals or drugs for just a few more days. But holding onto expired solutions almost always backfires. The risks show up as infections, test errors, or cleaning disasters. The FDA and CDC, along with authorities like the World Health Organization, offer clear guidelines for many chemicals and medicines. They stress tracking expiry dates, storing substances away from light or heat, and sealing containers tightly. Their research points out startling consequences of ignoring shelf life—whether a vaccine that goes from life-saving to useless or a cleaning fluid that fails under pressure.
Is There a Better Way?
Reliable solutions start with smart purchasing and inventory habits. Only buy quantities needed for a short period, unless constant turnover is certain. Rotating stock, checking labels, and keeping things organized reduces waste. If possible, single-use pouches or vials cut down on leftover solution exposure. I found this true even in school laboratories. Students get safer hands-on experience and teachers spend less time worrying about contamination. For big operations, technology can help. Barcode systems, automated reminders, and digital logs take some guesswork out of expiration management. Testing old solutions before use can sometimes confirm if they’re still potent. Some products have built-in indicators that change color to signal fading potency, though reading instructions closely remains key.
Respecting the Expiry Date
It took me years to understand that shelf life isn’t a suggestion. It’s science keeping us honest. Using fresh solutions brings reliable results and safer outcomes, whether it’s for cleaning wounds, running diagnostic tests, or making homemade cleaners. Questions about preserving value and cutting waste matter, but health and accuracy matter more. Checking those dates, storing things right, and trusting the warning signs all add up to better work and fewer problems down the line.
Working Through the Maze of Materials
Almost nobody likes a surprise in the lab, especially when mixing a new product with tried-and-true materials. Years ago, I spun my wheels for half a day because a buffer reacted with a supposedly “inert” polymer tube, ruining an afternoon’s work. That memory sits in the back of my mind whenever I read about product compatibility. Nobody wants time or resources wasted because something simple, like a tube or flask, clashed with a reagent.
Real-World Stakes in Compatibility
People often overlook the small stuff—gaskets, stoppers, dishware. Glass, polypropylene, stainless steel: these staples make up the backbone of most labs. Tons of products claim compatibility, but a label doesn’t always match what happens at the bench. I’ve seen solvents eat through seals or subtle leaching from plastics. Some materials shed microscopic fragments, which can mess with results in unexpected ways. Even the tiniest change—a trace contaminant leaching from a stopper—can impact years of research or big clinical projects.
Labs following GLP or GMP sometimes pull from a well-stocked supply room without double-crossing fingers for results. That trust exists only because those materials and chemicals have been tested together over time. If a company introduces a new product but doesn’t clarify what it handles—or what it actually touches—people start to improvise. That’s where expensive mistakes get made.
What Makes a Difference
Scientists crave details. Listing out which plastics, elastomers, or metals survived compatibility tests builds real trust. I used to dig through old MSDS sheets and whitepapers to find a single line about Teflon compatibility—an hour saved if it’s right there on the product datasheet. Beyond just naming materials, it helps to know which brands or grades work because not all polypropylene or borosilicate glass is crafted the same way.
Even standard glassware isn’t always as indifferent as it seems. Certain solutions etch or weaken glass, inviting cracks during heating. Off-gassing from plastics, often ignored, shows up under sensitive analysis or long incubations. Simple details about storage and contact time allow people to set work up for success.
Power of Transparency and Open Testing
One lab I worked with ran side-by-side tests—exposing a new enzyme blend to different pipette tips and tubes. They tracked enzyme activity and checked for drop-off linked to surface contact. Publishing data like this, or at least sharing summaries, gives users more confidence than bold claims ever will. Mistakes show up much faster in a real environment than in a tidy-sounding brochure.
Open feedback loops bring improvements. A university team discovered their new buffer reacted with certain types of rubber stoppers. They shared those results, and manufacturers soon swapped out materials for a safer alternative. That style of practical feedback, paired with open results from real-world testing, moves the field forward and cuts back on repeat errors.
A Call for Clearer Communication
Product makers hold responsibility for honest, plain-language information. Bold colors and catchphrases never replace a clear table of results showing what materials work over what periods and with which concentrations. Anyone running a lab bench appreciates knowing what combinations work—and which spell trouble—before opening a box or mixing the next sample.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | Hydrobromic acid, acetic acid, water solution |
| Other names |
Acetic Acid Hydrobromide
Acetic acid, hydrobromide Hydroacetic bromide Hydrobromic acid in acetic acid |
| Pronunciation | /ˌhaɪdrəʊˈbrɒmɪk ˈæsɪd θɜːtiː θriː pəˈsɛnt səˈluːʃən ɪn əˈsiːtɪk ˈæsɪd/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 10035-10-6 |
| Beilstein Reference | 3611727 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:63293 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1201475 |
| ChemSpider | 20743136 |
| DrugBank | DB09327 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 01-2119489410-39-XXXX |
| EC Number | 231-595-7 |
| Gmelin Reference | 608 |
| KEGG | C01388 |
| MeSH | D006869 |
| PubChem CID | 12777 |
| RTECS number | EJ6475000 |
| UNII | 14G0U4M30I |
| UN number | UN3265 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID5076306 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | HBr |
| Molar mass | 81.01 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear colorless to slightly yellow liquid |
| Odor | Pungent |
| Density | 1.35 g/mL |
| Solubility in water | soluble |
| log P | -0.7 |
| Vapor pressure | 14 mmHg (20°C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | -8.8 |
| Basicity (pKb) | -9 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -42.9e-6 cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.426 |
| Viscosity | 3 cP (25 °C) |
| Dipole moment | 6.5 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 156 J/mol·K |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | V03AB33 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Corrosive, causes severe skin burns and eye damage, may cause respiratory irritation, harmful if swallowed. |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS05, GHS07, GHS08 |
| Pictograms | GHS05,GHS06 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| Hazard statements | H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. |
| Precautionary statements | P260, P280, P301+P330+P331, P305+P351+P338, P310 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 3-3-1-Acidos |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 Oral Rat 220 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): Oral rat LD50 = 2850 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | MI9100000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | PEL: 5 ppm |
| REL (Recommended) | 3 ppm (10 mg/m3) |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | 300 ppm |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Hydrobromic acid
Acetic acid Hydrochloric acid Hydroiodic acid Hydrobromic acid solution Bromine Hydrogen bromide |
