Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate: A Down-to-Earth Look
Historical Development
Chemical compounds often create a quiet backbone for thousands of processes in our lives and work. Ethyl-2-bromo butyrate has a story that runs alongside the history of organic chemistry, especially once synthetic methods grew in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Researchers were searching for methods to add or swap atoms on carbon chains at will, opening doors to a world of functionalized molecules. In labs from Europe to North America, the drive to generate intermediates for everything from perfumes to pharmaceuticals pushed advances in functional group manipulation. Ethyl-2-bromo butyrate emerged as a flexible tool, used for decades by chemists needing a reactive and predictable building block. Its roots run back to fundamental work on esterification and halogenation, processes that taught generations how to control structure and reactivity.
Product Overview
Ethyl-2-bromo butyrate sits in the category of organobromine compounds. The presence of a bromine atom on a butyrate backbone, joined with an ethyl ester group, endows this chemical with unique traits. Many see it as a go-to intermediate in labs crafting active pharmaceutical ingredients, agrochemicals, and flavors. Chemists rely on its structure to enable substitutions, couplings, and further functionalizations—each leading to molecules with markedly different properties than their starting points. For many research teams, this chemical stands as a workhorse because it readily participates in a variety of reactions yet keeps its own handling straightforward with the right protocols.
Physical & Chemical Properties
Looking at ethyl-2-bromo butyrate in the bottle, you typically see a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid. It gives off a distinctive, sometimes sharp smell, echoing the volatile nature of low-molecular-weight esters and alkyl bromides. Its boiling point lands in the range of 180 to 185°C, and it weighs in with a molecular weight just over 195 g/mol. Handling reveals some bite—due to its volatility, a bit of vapor escapes into the lab air if containers remain open. Its density is somewhat higher than water, which makes sense for a bromine-containing ester. Thanks to the polar, but not too polar, backbone, it dissolves readily in organic solvents but much less so in water. All this shapes how it is used, stored, and handled, right down to the precautions for lab work.
Technical Specifications & Labeling
Reliable sourcing of this chemical allows for technical consistency batch to batch. A trustworthy supplier ships it at high purity—typically, above 98%. Labels detail the CAS number, molecular formula (C6H11BrO2), molecular weight, and safety symbols to highlight both reactivity and potential health hazards. Technical data sheets break down aspects like refractive index, flash point, and recommended storage temperatures, echoing the requirements of both laboratory and industrial safety protocols. Proper packaging involves dark glass bottles or fluorinated containers, limiting exposure to light or moisture that could degrade quality over time.
Preparation Method
Synthesizing ethyl-2-bromo butyrate usually involves straightforward chemistry. Most often, one begins with butyric acid or its ethyl ester and treats it with a brominating agent, like phosphorus tribromide or molecular bromine in the presence of a catalyst. The reaction proceeds through alpha-bromination of the preformed ester, under chilled and controlled conditions, since excessive heat or carelessness can trigger side reactions or create pungent byproducts. Efficient workup separates the desired product from excess reagents through extraction and distillation. Yields remain decent if the operator sticks close to procedural detail—a trait experienced lab staff learn to value after losing product to hasty work or incomplete separation in the past.
Chemical Reactions & Modifications
Ethyl-2-bromo butyrate proves its value in the synthetic toolkit through the reactive bromo group. This position welcomes nucleophilic substitution, placing amines, thiols, or other carbon partners onto the butyrate backbone. For pharmaceutical chemists, such transformations build molecular diversity from one starting skeleton. Modifications can also swap the ethyl for other alcohols via transesterification. In some advanced schemes, chemists might convert the bromo group to a cyano, amido, or other functional group, helping drugs or agrochemicals pick up desired patterns of solubility or bioactivity. Over the years, researchers refined these paths to cut waste, boost selectivity, and adjust conditions for heat- or air-sensitive applications.
Synonyms & Product Names
Choosing this chemical in catalogs, one sees several names pop up. Some call it ethyl 2-bromobutyrate, others refer to it as 2-bromobutyric acid ethyl ester. Less common are systematics like butanoic acid, 2-bromo-, ethyl ester. These synonyms turn up in stockrooms across universities, chemical distributors, and R&D labs. Keeping up with synonyms and regional naming conventions matters so that orders line up with real inventory and regulatory paperwork.
Safety & Operational Standards
Working with ethyl-2-bromo butyrate brings health and environmental considerations. It irritates skin, eyes, and can harm the respiratory tract if vapors build up. Researchers don gloves, splash goggles, and run reactions in fume hoods—steps I learned to treat as automatic, not optional, after seeing one too many colleagues battle rashes or sore throats after shortcuts. Transport and storage demand leak-proof containers, stored in cool, well-ventilated areas. In case of spills, staff rely on absorbent pads and safe disposal rather than letting hazardous materials slip down drains. Institutions enforce protocols for waste handling, fire risk, and first aid. Emergency showers and eyewash stations are not background props, but vital tools that everyone using such reactive agents needs to locate on day one in any new lab. These steps prevent accidents that could injure workers or damage costly equipment.
Application Area
This molecule finds its niche in pharmaceutical synthesis, making it possible to generate alpha-branched amino acids, small-molecule APIs, and customized intermediates for medicinal chemistry. Fine chemical production values the clean reactivity and manageable byproducts, so it often appears in pilot and scaling runs. In flavor, fragrance, and agrochemical work, this ester serves as an intermediate, opening creative possibilities for formulations that touch global markets. Its practical shelf-life and packaging flexibility even attract researchers in academic and government labs. For anyone working with C–C or C–N bond construction, ethyl-2-bromo butyrate pops up among the reliable starting blocks drawn upon repeatedly in research and industrial innovation alike.
Research & Development
Ongoing research reaches for ways to tweak or exploit the reactivity of such esters. Combinatorial chemists design libraries of analogs by swapping out nucleophiles at the bromine position, tailoring properties in the quest for novel bioactivity. Academic groups look deeper at reaction conditions, such as green chemistry alternatives that swap out hazardous reagents or solvents for safer versions. I’ve seen graduate students and experienced researchers alike push for catalytic systems that drive down waste output while boosting precision in product formation. Collaborations between chemical engineers and synthetic chemists open up flow chemistry and continuous processing routes, scaling up without losing control over yield or selectivity. The body of knowledge keeps expanding as teams share advances in journals and technical conferences, rising to meet stiffer regulatory and market demands.
Toxicity Research
Toxicologists investigate acute and chronic effects of ethyl-2-bromo butyrate, both for workplace safety and possible environmental risks. Short-term exposure studies flag irritant properties to skin, eyes, and lungs. Animal studies dig into routes of metabolism and elimination, tracing breakdown products for any signs of accumulation or long-term damage. Regulatory bodies establish exposure limits based on animal data and practical worker experience, shaping safety data sheets and workplace protocols. Environmental impact studies keep an eye on bromine-containing emissions, ensuring lab and factory waste treatment keeps byproducts out of the food chain and water supply. Teams adjust their practices as new toxicity or bioaccumulation data emerges, responding with better training and technology. Practical experience reinforces the seriousness of these measures—nobody forgets the sharp burn of a chemical irritant too soon.
Future Prospects
Looking to the years ahead, ethyl-2-bromo butyrate will likely remain a backbone tool for synthesizing specialty chemicals. As regulatory and market forces lean harder on environmental stewardship, the push builds for cleaner synthesis, safer handling, and smarter waste management involving organobromine compounds. Researchers chase after catalysts and procedures that lower hazards, sources of waste, and production costs at once. Digital transformation also touches this sector—automation of reactions and QC streamlines production while minimizing risk to staff. Medical and agrochemical discovery efforts demand ever more efficient building blocks, putting the spotlight on compounds like ethyl-2-bromo butyrate that enable creative but controlled chemistry. New applications may call for custom derivatives, pushing both makers and users further into collaborative territory in the supply chain. Drawing on history, current knowledge, and fresh data, users and suppliers will keep refining both the chemistry and the context of this essential little molecule.
A Building Block for Creative Chemistry
Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate doesn’t attract much attention outside chemistry circles, but ask anyone who works in pharmaceutical research, and the compound means progress. In the lab, this molecule goes by the shorthand “intermediate,” and it plays a vital behind-the-scenes role in cooking up new medicines. Scientists reach for Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate when they want to add a butyric (four-carbon) fragment to a complex molecule. The bromo group acts like a handle, ready to swap places with other atoms, letting chemists bolt two different pieces together. Without it, the toolkit for building drugs gets a lot smaller.
Shaping Drug Molecules That Matter
The pharmaceutical sector leans hard on Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate for a reason: certain drug designs just won’t come to life without making and breaking specific carbon bonds. Take antiviral agents, muscle relaxants, or anticonvulsants—many of these rely on butyric acid derivatives as part of their chemical backbone. Researchers need handy intermediates to knit together these fragments and tweak them for the right biological effect. So, Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate finds itself at the crossroads of trial, error, and eventually breakthroughs in the search for better medicines.
Unlocking Potential Beyond Pharmaceutics
Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate’s talents don’t end with medicine. Agrochemical developers often borrow from the same playbook and turn to this compound for making pesticides and herbicides. Custom-designed molecules fight crop diseases or pests more precisely, reducing the risk to the environment and to the farmer’s health. In this world, precision matters. Getting a pesticide to act only on a target species can depend on adding just the right butyric acid branch or bromo group — which is where this compound steps in again.
Concerns About Expertise and Safety
Not everyone handling chemicals like Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate knows what they’re in for. Skin exposure can irritate, and breathing in vapors turns a productive day into a run for the eyewash station. Company safety manuals spell out these risks, and for good reason. People who work in development labs or chemical plants count on their supervisors for proper protocols, quality gear, and up-to-date safety training. Skipping safety meetings never pays off. Industry watchdogs like OSHA and REACH keep pushing chemical firms to document risks and manage waste. Without strong oversight, accidents multiply, and trust in the lab or plant disappears.
Possible Solutions and Smarter Use
With newer technologies on the rise, green chemistry aims to make intermediates less hazardous and easier to clean up. Companies trying to stay ahead of the curve put effort into recycling solvents, minimizing leaks, and shifting toward less toxic materials. Some labs invest in closed reaction systems so emissions don’t escape, or design training programs that make sure workers stay sharp with each new process. By sharing data and best practices across industries, organizations help everyone improve safety and efficiency.
Why Knowledge Matters for All of Us
Understanding where Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate fits into the big picture means seeing the connections between chemistry, safety, and progress. Decades of experience in pharmaceutical and chemical labs taught me how one overlooked reagent can ripple through an entire project. Choosing smart practices and upholding high standards empowers the people behind our next breakthrough drug, safer crop treatments, or cleaner manufacturing. Better science begins with knowing what each part can offer—and what risks come along for the ride.
Knowing the Risks and Respecting the Chemical
Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate appears in enough organic synthesis projects that its storage should be second nature in any lab dealing with specialty chemicals. I remember having my hands deep in esters during graduate school, sometimes paying too much attention to reaction pathways and not enough to safe storage basics. Ignoring the unwelcome truth can set a researcher up for an accident or ruined materials.
Chemically speaking, Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate falls under the category of halogenated esters with a distinct odor and a knack for irritating skin and mucous membranes. Health concerns deserve respect. Direct skin contact or inhaling vapors brings a real risk, so I always treat this liquid with the same respect I'd show stronger reagents.
Temperature and Environmental Considerations
Room temperature rarely causes trouble for this ester as long as the lab isn’t baking hot. On the other hand, direct heat or sunlight brings decomposition or bleaching. Safety data sheets consistently point to a sweet spot: 20–25 °C, no extremes, and a dry location. Every decent storage room runs at this range if climate controls do their job. Humid air has no place around this chemical because moisture can degrade the ester or even hydrolyze it over time, especially with poor container seals. In our own lab, those times when we lost track and left bottles in a sunlit window, degradation actually created new odors that tipped us off.
Choosing Containers: Material Matters
Original packaging should be kept unless opening for transfer is necessary. Glass with a tight-fitting, chemical-resistant cap gives solid protection. Polyethylene can work but glass keeps out water vapor and resists reactions longer. Forget metal lids. Bromo compounds and metals can interact and corrode seals, leading to leaks and disaster cleanup. Over the years, poorly fitted caps or reused bottles resulted in more than one ruined batch. Clear and honest labeling adds another layer of safety, so nobody mistakes Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate for another reagent or leaves it sitting uncapped.
Keep It Away from Incompatibles
Halogenated esters act unpredictably with strong bases, alkalis, and oxidizers. I've seen storage shelves pile everything together—a recipe for trouble. Analytical labs often separate their halogenated chemicals from acids and bases. That separation reduces the risk of accidental mixing, especially during rushed experiments.
Another lesson I learned came after a college friend stored small solvent bottles with oxidizers, resulting in a minor reaction that set off the building alarm. These chemicals don’t respect busy schedules, so a little setup effort saves future headaches.
Monitoring and Inventory Habits
Keeping a reliable chemical log, checking for leaks, and reviewing expiration dates all add up to a safe lab. Discolored liquid, unexpected odors, or warped bottles call for immediate disposal in a chemical waste program. Sometimes I spotted compromised reagents just by sniffing a strange hint of bromine before ever opening the cap. Caps and seals deserve routine checks—small investments for major peace of mind.
Knowledge and vigilance shape lab safety. Anyone working with Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate makes safe storage a habit, not an afterthought. Sharing information, training newcomers, and keeping supplies in safe, dry, clearly marked storage locations raise confidence and cut risks to people and research alike.
Understanding the Reality Behind Chemical Hazards
Chemical names often sound intimidating. Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate definitely falls into that category. People hear about lab chemicals used in industry, and concerns about safety and health naturally come up. The issue becomes especially important for workers who have to handle these compounds daily or for anyone who discovers this name on a label at home, in a university lab, or during clean-up after an accident.
What We Know About Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate
Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate isn’t a household staple. It’s mainly used as an intermediate in the chemical synthesis of medicines, agrochemicals, and sometimes flavors and fragrances. Not much consumer interaction happens outside of those professional circles, but the risks deserve some unpacking.
According to data provided by chemical manufacturers and international safety agencies, this compound carries clear risk warnings. Direct contact with the skin or eyes causes strong irritation and possibly long-lasting effects. Breathing the vapors isn’t safe, either. Exposure can provoke respiratory irritation—coughing, shortness of breath, or a painful throat. Swallowing the liquid can cause stomach pain, vomiting, or worse if enough is ingested.
Accidents in chemical labs stand out in my memory. Even with every precaution, spills have happened, and seeing how quickly a few drops of a toxic compound can cause skin burns sticks with people for life. Mistakes like these underscore the importance of gloves, goggles, and proper ventilation.
Toxicity and Long-Term Effects
Both acute and chronic exposure bring risks. Short-term high-dose contact causes immediate burning, while chronic low-level exposure is a concern for anyone working day in, day out around open vessels or during disposal. The long-term impact hasn’t gone unnoticed among occupational health experts. There’s evidence that repeated contact increases sensitivity, and even the risk of systemic effects like headaches or dizziness.
The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the European Chemicals Agency both flag substances like Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate for workplace hazard classification. Their guidelines classify it as a hazardous material, necessitating strict control measures.
No solid evidence presently links this compound to cancer, but lack of data doesn’t equal safety. The toxic profile isn’t as notorious as classic threats like benzene or mercury, but complacency leads to accidents. Workers and students sometimes skip gloves for “just a minute,” especially after months of clean records. Anecdotes from colleagues in organic chemistry reveal skin irritation after such shortcuts.
How to Protect Yourself and the Community
The best way to minimize harm involves more than reading the label. I’ve seen the difference between a lab with a culture of safety and one without. In safe workplaces, everyone wears gloves, goggles, and lab coats, and no one eats or drinks around chemicals. Air extraction fans roar whenever someone opens a reagent bottle. Waste bottles for halogenated organics stay segregated and tightly sealed.
Employers ought to maintain regular training. Students benefit from hearing personal accounts of chemical injuries, not just memorizing hazard symbols. Communities need local governments to regulate chemical disposal and to educate anyone who may deal with spillages at home or work. Proper ventilation, reliable spill kits, and posted emergency numbers save lives.
Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate should be treated with respect. As dry as chemical hazard communication sounds, it exists for a reason. Handling such compounds without appropriate protection invites health issues.
Breaking Down Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate
Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate pops up in organic chemistry labs and pharmaceutical development for a reason. It’s not just another reagent—chemists trust it for its specific structure that brings value to synthesis pathways. I remember walking through rows of stacked bottles in a university lab, spotting the names on the labels, and thinking about the interplay between structure and function. Let’s get down to the basic identity of this compound.
Chemical Structure and Formula
Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate has a straightforward structure for those who’ve handled esters before. The name tells the story: an ethyl group sits on a butyrate backbone, with a bromine atom on the second carbon. Its chemical formula is C6H11BrO2. This comes from piecing together the fragments: six carbons, eleven hydrogens, one bromine, and two oxygens. The bromine atom directs the reactivity pattern, and for synthetic organic chemists, this means new opportunities for carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation.
Molecular Weight: What It Means for Real-World Use
Adding up the atomic weights—carbon (12.01), hydrogen (1.008), bromine (79.90), and oxygen (16.00)—the molecular weight for Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate comes out to about 195.05 g/mol. In an industry lab, this number isn’t just a statistic. It matters for dosing, for scale-up in batch reactions, and for regulatory filings. When developing project budgets or ordering reagents, chemists use molecular weight to figure out how much substance gives the desired number of moles. Accuracy can make or break an experiment—too little and you lose yield, too much and you waste resources or invite safety issues. That number—195.05 g/mol—becomes a key detail written over and over on protocol sheets.
Why Knowing Formula and Weight Matters
Reliable information about formula and weight isn’t just for textbooks. In my experience, one misstep with compound identification can derail weeks of work. A slight typo in a chemical formula or an incorrect gram calculation can throw off the purity of a synthesized target. Regulators, too, rely on hard numbers. They enforce accurate labeling for worker safety, shipping, and environmental protections. Quality control labs track these details batch after batch.
Safety data sheets build off the chemical’s structure and formula. A change in halogen—say, switching out the bromine—could mean a huge difference in handling procedures, boiling point, and reactivity. Product stewardship grows from these values, as does the training for new lab techs and the ordering systems in commercial supply chains.
Challenges and Looking Forward
One issue I’ve seen stems from mislabeling or documentation errors when ordering reagents for custom syntheses. Transparent supply chains with digital tracking, using QR codes or blockchain records, could help reduce confusion. Laboratories benefit from routine verification with analytical techniques like NMR or mass spectrometry to check identity and purity.
Ethyl-2-Bromo Butyrate stands as a good example of the discipline required in the chemical sciences. Accurate chemical formulas, correct molecular weights, and vigilant documentation form the backbone of chemical safety and research success. These habits lead to meaningful work in laboratories, strong compliance records, and breakthroughs in synthesis.
Respect for Chemistry’s Risks
Every chemist learns early to treat chemicals with respect, but certain compounds test even the most seasoned technician’s habits. Ethyl-2-bromo butyrate fits that remit. With a reputation for strong odors and a knack for causing irritation, this stuff turns every fume hood into a necessity, not an option. Nobody feels heroic coughing through a day’s work or explaining a spill to the safety officer. Years in academic and industrial labs taught me that ignoring the risks carves a shortcut straight to regret.
Personal Protective Equipment: Not Just for Show
Nothing feels more basic than pulling on gloves and a lab coat. The skin tingling after a drop lands says more than any textbook. Nitrile gloves hold up well against halogenated intermediates. Splash goggles, not just safety glasses, shield from angry droplets. Sometimes labs skimp on extra-protective aprons, but old stories from a friend’s hospital visit after a spill drove home their value. The daily approach—treat every transfer like it's guaranteed to splash—reminds me why thorough prep matters.
Ventilation and Storage: Where Accidents Start or End
Every bottle of ethyl-2-bromo butyrate belongs in the fume hood the moment its cap comes off. The compound’s vapor irritates airways quickly; keeping heads outside the sash limits exposure. I watch others set up their work in open rooms and cringe, recalling a classmate's wheezing fit after assuming "just a few seconds" open-air was fine. For storage, metal cabinets designed for organics keep volatile bottles cool and separated from incompatible chemicals like amines or bases. Learning that storage mix-ups caused more big-ticket accidents than open flames proved unforgettable during safety training.
Spill Response and Waste Management
Nobody plans to drop a bottle, but the time spent reviewing chemical spill plans feels like insurance. Spilled ethyl-2-bromo butyrate soaks into absorbent pads—never paper towels—since they lock in fumes and prevent evaporation through the lab. Have a dedicated container for halogenated organic waste; tossing it in the general solvent bin risks reactions. I once joined a team handling a leaking container, instantly realizing how fast coordinated action with the right tools capped both the odor and the danger.
Training and Continuous Reminders
Safety training slides rarely stick until someone faces a close call. Accessible safety data sheets and regular peer-to-peer reminders nudge cautious habits. In labs where everyone expects to call each other out over bare wrists or open bottles, the culture shifts. No amount of regulations replace a crew that cares about each other’s skin, eyes, and lungs.
Room for Improvement: Building a Safer Space
Nobody can afford shortcuts with volatile bromo-esters. It pays to install clear labeling, keep emergency showers unblocked, and practice using spill kits. Sharing stories—close calls, odd reactions, lessons in humility—keeps risks real, not abstract. I’ve noticed new students ignore posted warnings, then shape up after seeing veterans double-glove and double-check. Creating a safer environment hangs on daily discipline, not just compliance. That’s the habit worth chasing.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | Ethyl 2-bromobutanoate |
| Other names |
Ethyl 2-bromobutyrate
Ethyl alpha-bromobutyrate 2-Bromobutyric acid ethyl ester Ethyl 2-bromobutanoate |
| Pronunciation | /ˈiːθɪl tuː ˈbroʊmoʊ bjuːˈtɪreɪt/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 600-00-0 |
| Beilstein Reference | 1209248 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:27419 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL3180213 |
| ChemSpider | 157343 |
| DrugBank | DB14223 |
| ECHA InfoCard | ECHA InfoCard: 100.008.937 |
| EC Number | 211-231-3 |
| Gmelin Reference | Gm.7299 |
| KEGG | C19136 |
| MeSH | D006435 |
| PubChem CID | 12238 |
| RTECS number | UF8225000 |
| UNII | K4R1OR687V |
| UN number | UN2735 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C6H11BrO2 |
| Molar mass | 194.05 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless to yellow liquid |
| Odor | sweet, fruity |
| Density | 1.422 g/mL at 25 °C |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| log P | 0.97 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.7 mmHg (at 25°C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | pKa ≈ 25 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -7.56e-6 cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.445 |
| Viscosity | Viscous liquid |
| Dipole moment | 2.44 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 389.8 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -466.3 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -871.5 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302, H315, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P271, P301+P310, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, P501 |
| Flash point | 72 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 215 °C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 oral rat 3000 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): Oral rat 1,830 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | EJ2975000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 1 ppm |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Ethyl butyrate
2-Bromobutyric acid Methyl 2-bromobutyrate Isopropyl 2-bromobutyrate n-Butyl 2-bromobutyrate Bromoacetic acid Ethyl bromoacetate |
