2-Cyanophenol: Past, Present and the Road Ahead
Historical Development
Long before today’s streamlined manufacturing lines took over, chemists poked and prodded at simple molecules, wondering which reactions might build useful tools for industry. The story of 2-cyanophenol reaches back into the early years of modern organic chemistry, when aromatic compounds like benzene and phenol became the backbone of dyes, medicines, and plastics. Early reports of 2-cyanophenol came from labs sweating over new phenolic compounds in the quest for better pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. A century ago, research journals hinted at phenolic nitriles as rare finds, and researchers in Europe and North America took notice. By the second half of the twentieth century, folks already understood the meaningful connection between the phenol and the nitrile group in this molecule. Attention picked up as those in the business started realizing its application as a reliable intermediate in more sophisticated chemical syntheses.
Product Overview
2-Cyanophenol serves as much more than a research curiosity. In chemical companies and specialty labs, it forms a bridge to making agricultural chemicals, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and special polymers. The molecule’s structure, with a phenolic hydroxyl placed right next to the nitrile group on the benzene ring, helps transform it into other compounds through substitutions, reductions, or coupling reactions. This ability draws the interest of folks who want to build complex materials or unlock new ways to tweak bioactive compounds. You find it packaged as an off-white powder or crystalline solid, stuck away in thick glass before being released to skilled hands who know how to handle its sharp, distinctive smell and caution-inducing properties. Specialists rarely see fanfare for intermediates like this, but the steady flow of high-purity 2-cyanophenol keeps many projects humming along, from industrial synthesis to molecular design in university research settings.
Physical & Chemical Properties
2-Cyanophenol shows up in storage as a solid, melting between 86-89°C, and boiling only at much higher temperatures due to strong intermolecular forces from its hydrogen-bonding phenolic group. The solid gives off a sharp scent that reminds some of almonds, owing to the nitrile. Its solubility favors polar organic solvents, while water takes up less. The molecule’s phenol group makes it weakly acidic, typically giving a pKa just under 8, meaning it shares some chemistry with better-known phenols but resists deprotonation more than basic alcohols. In lab practice, I notice the significant difference between its solubility in solvents like ethanol or acetone compared to water—it’s much easier to dissolve up in a flask of organic media. Chemically, the presence of the ortho-positioned nitrile makes the ring electron-deficient, which shifts both reactivity and the sort of transformations a chemist might try. It resists normal oxidation that would tear up simpler phenols, and it’s stable enough under normal lab storage conditions, so long as nobody exposes it to heat or strong base for extended periods.
Technical Specifications & Labeling
Producers of laboratory and fine chemical supplies typically list purity levels up near 98% for research applications, sometimes 99% for specialty syntheses. Labels should list CAS number 611-20-1, batch number, manufacture and expiry date, and the minimum guaranteed purity. Good suppliers add typical GC or HPLC chromatograms and an IR spectrum reference, plus instruction on recommended storage. Even in bulk, it gets double-packed under nitrogen or in dark containers to shield from light and moisture, which both can promote unwanted side reactions. Quality departments in most reputable labs expect a narrow melting point range—any drift means you’re looking at possible impurities. Careful documentation matches modern regulatory standards, helping to support traceability all the way to the end-user.
Preparation Method
In a practical setting, makers usually build 2-cyanophenol by direct cyanation of the parent phenol or by cyclization reactions from cyano-substituted precursors. Traditionally, one of the classic methods routes through the Sandmeyer reaction—this swaps a diazonium group for a nitrile by way of copper(I) cyanide. Skilled workers convert o-aminophenol to its diazonium salt and then toss in the cyanide. Some large-scale manufacturers rely on transition metal-catalyzed routes that couple a halogenated phenol with simple cyanide sources, getting around the hazards of diazotization chemistry by using milder, sometimes greener conditions. In real-world factory practice, process safety trumps all, so extra focus lands on ventilation, waste handling, and equipment fit to handle highly reactive intermediates.
Chemical Reactions & Modifications
A lab filled with 2-cyanophenol soon witnesses its versatility. Its phenolic -OH gets transformed in etherification or esterification reactions, tailoring physical properties or hiding the group until needed later. The ortho-nitrile drives cyclization chemistry, building heterocyclic frameworks prized in pharma discovery. Catalytic hydrogenation reduces the nitrile to a primary amine, unlocking new steps for crafting substituted anilines. Electrophilic aromatic substitution, harsher on the electron-poor ring than on plain phenol, still lets one sneak in halogen atoms or nitro groups with the right touch. Many times, the adjacent -OH and -CN groups create opportunities for unusual rearrangements, and research teams keep finding tweaks to outdo the older methods. It works as a solid starting point where control, rather than brute force, produces the best result.
Synonyms & Product Names
Scanning catalogues, you’ll see 2-hydroxybenzonitrile and o-cyanophenol sitting next to 2-cyanophenol, all pointing to the same molecule. Less common names, like ortho-cyanophenol, sometimes show up, but chemical database searches hinge on those major entries. Some branded research chemicals use in-house product codes, yet these never outlast the simplicity of systematic nomenclature. Across languages and regulatory borders, these synonyms keep projects and shipments on the right track and lab staff safe from mix-ups or reactivity surprises.
Safety & Operational Standards
Operators in my experience follow strict guidance handling 2-cyanophenol, treating it as a potential irritant and watching for signs of acuteness in case of exposure. Material Safety Data Sheets point to risks for inhalation, skin, and eye contact, and respirators and gloves become a habit rather than an afterthought. Good ventilation comes first in every production and R&D set-up—a strong whiff signals a leak. Companies invest in sealed transfer and waste-handling processes to avoid environmental release, and well-run labs support regular employee training to reinforce handling protocols. Regulatory limits for occupational exposure keep drift low, and well-equipped spill stations always stand ready, just in case a flask tilts over or a seal lets go.
Application Area
Those developing new agrochemicals count on 2-cyanophenol’s clean transformation into more complex molecules used in herbicide and pesticide discovery pipelines. Dye manufacturers appreciate its role tuning chromophores or acting as a coupling component for deep colors with improved fastness. Pharmaceutical industry scientists have used it to build new drug leads, exploiting the ortho reactivity for scaffolds that bind selectively to biological targets. Over the years, I’ve seen custom synthetic shops picking up demand to supply specialty chemical and polymer projects as well—chemists there shape it into resins featuring selective binding or strong adhesive properties. Modern research also explores how subtle substitutions on the 2-cyanophenol ring impact electronic properties, building smarter organic materials for electronics or light absorption.
Research & Development
Researchers keep looking for better catalysts and milder conditions to produce 2-cyanophenol more safely and with less waste. Green chemistry advocates pushed solvent replacements and minimized hazardous cyanide byproducts, prompting fresh routes that sidestep traditional copper-catalyzed methods. Analytical chemists check every batch for trace impurities—these can poison subsequent steps in pharmaceuticals, so standards stay high. I’ve watched industrial R&D focus on continuous process intensification, giving faster throughput with built-in monitoring to catch shifts before quality takes a hit. Across the academic landscape, people probe 2-cyanophenol’s properties to inspire new functional materials and examine how microstructure impacts larger device performance.
Toxicity Research
Toxicologists have flagged cyanophenols for their acute toxicity, especially if the chemical degrades to release hydrogen cyanide under fire or improper handling. Lab studies in mammals suggest caution due to oral and inhalation toxicity, which underlines why exposure monitoring fits regulatory and company policy everywhere I’ve worked. Environmental persistence stays low since it breaks down under sunlight and through microbial action, yet water treatment plants watch for both the parent compound and breakdown products. Toxicity studies push manufacturers to improve packaging, reminder labeling, and safety education, particularly for shipping workers and technical teams alike.
Future Prospects
The demand for fine organics with strategic reactivity shows no sign of letting up. 2-Cyanophenol, while old by chemistry standards, keeps its place as a key building block, especially as specialty materials and pharmaceutical discovery gain ground each year. Driven by tightening environmental and safety regulations, chemical engineers focus on closed-loop systems and solvent recovery for greener, safer operation. Tech advances in catalysis and automation open doors for more efficient synthesis and purification, freeing up resources for new applications in advanced electronics, photonics, and biochemistry. Teams across the globe see the value in compounds like 2-cyanophenol, leveraging both robust old methodologies and the creativity of new generation researchers pushing for performance, safety, and efficiency in the vast chemical enterprise.
A Chemical With Real-World Reach
2-Cyanophenol has a name that feels like it belongs only in a lab notebook, but its impact reaches out well beyond those walls. Years in research have shown me how one compound can be the unsung backbone in everything from medicine to electronics. 2-Cyanophenol, with its distinct cyano and hydroxyl groups hooked onto a benzene ring, stands out for its ability to launch bigger, more complex molecules. This is what gives it such sizable value in modern manufacturing and drug design.
Building Blocks for Medicine
Most people never see the bottle labeled “2-Cyanophenol,” yet the pharmaceutical industry depends on compounds like this to start building advanced medicines. Chemists use it as a key intermediate to create substances with pain-relieving, anti-inflammatory, or even anti-cancer properties. After working with synthesis projects, it becomes clear how 2-Cyanophenol’s structure opens the door to many possible modifications. New drugs often start with these small, essential pieces, and missing even one basic compound can slow or halt months of work.
A Quiet Force in the Chemical Industry
Many industrial chemicals and specialty materials rely on 2-Cyanophenol. It helps form dyes, pigments, and other aromatic compounds. Colorants for plastics, coatings, and inks don’t spring out of nowhere—they start with building blocks just like this. In electronics, fine-tuning circuit boards sometimes takes highly specific resins and modifiers. 2-Cyanophenol has found a place in these formulations, thanks to its reactive chemical framework. Its direct influence on color stability and performance may not always make headlines, but anyone in manufacturing sees the ripple effect of reliable, high-purity raw materials.
Why Safety and Quality Matter
Any substance that feeds into pharmaceutical or electronic production needs strict safety controls and documentation. I’ve seen quality teams check every shipment of 2-Cyanophenol for impurities. Even a trace of contaminant can cause trouble down the line—unpredictable reactions, safety risks, or regulatory headaches. Trust in the lab and factory depends on routine analytics plus solid supply chain connections. This is not just about paperwork; it’s about real-world consequences, from patient health to product recalls.
Environmental Considerations
Working with organic compounds, environmental impact often comes up. Waste handling and emissions controls must stay tight. Labs and plants with good records use closed systems, targeted waste streams, and smart recycling to lower the impact of 2-Cyanophenol manufacturing and use. Regulators look for companies that can prove responsible stewardship. The public has a stake in this too, since downstream pollution of water or soil can stick around. As more people demand cleaner processes, green chemistry methods keep expanding. Using less hazardous solvents, better yields from raw material, and smarter waste neutralization all help. There’s room for progress here, and the industry feels the pressure to keep up.
Looking Ahead
Researchers push for alternatives with even smaller environmental footprints, but right now, 2-Cyanophenol’s chemistry remains hard to beat for some jobs. What matters most: pairing technical know-how with transparency and care at every step. People rely on the products that trace their roots back to this compound, whether or not they ever learn the name. Responsible use and steady improvement matter, not just for those of us in the industry but for everyone downstream.
Key Details Matter in Chemical Identification
People spend a lot of time talking about the potential of chemistry, but skip over the importance of getting the fundamental details right. For 2-cyanophenol, everything starts with its molecular formula: C7H5NO. It’s a simple string of letters and numbers, and yet it’s more than just a shorthand for scientists. Every atom in this formula shapes how 2-cyanophenol behaves. Two groups stand out: a hydroxyl group and a cyano group. Their placement spells out ‘phenol’ with a ‘cyano’ at the 2- position on the benzene ring. This might sound like textbook recitation, but try running a reaction with the wrong formula, and real-world consequences follow: wasted reagents, safety issues, misidentified hazards.
Why Accuracy Builds Trust in Science
Experience in the lab quickly teaches anyone that overlooking a single atom costs time and credibility. A formula like C7H5NO tells colleagues and future readers exactly which molecule you’re dealing with—no guesswork or ambiguity. The cyano group brings a nitrogen atom, lending reactivity and potential toxicity. The hydroxyl group controls solubility and hydrogen bonding. Misidentification in published literature messes up citations and can cause ripple effects down the research line: students learn the wrong thing, researchers miscalculate dosages, safety officers misjudge required precautions.
Practical Relevance in Safety and Synthesis
Picture a stack of safety data sheets in a university storeroom. Every one of them depends on people correctly identifying the molecular formula. C7H5NO isn’t just a code. It clues safety professionals into possible cyanide-related risks and tells chemists whether to store this compound with acids, bases, or flammables. Handling policies depend on the formula, not just the official name. A misplaced hydrogen, or missing nitrogen, and the chemical could end up next to compounds it reacts with, raising the chance of accidents.
Supporting Innovation Through Steadfast Basics
Chemists trying out new synthetic routes lean hard on formula precision. Even small differences in structure and atom count can upend a multi-week synthesis. For 2-cyanophenol, pure samples help in making dyes, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials. The molecular formula—C7H5NO—serves not just as an identity, but as a baseline for analytical techniques like mass spectrometry. Equipment that relies on atomic weights spits out results based on these values. If you get it wrong, research budgets drain away and innovations get shelved.
How to Avoid Common Pitfalls
Training in organic chemistry must stress the value of careful notation. Using molecular formulas consistently on labels, reports, and online databases backs up safe laboratory habits, trustworthy publications, and efficient industry operations. It’s wise to check and cross-check using reputable sources like peer-reviewed journals or chemical suppliers. Reputable databases—like PubChem or ChemSpider—make molecular formulas explicit, so there’s little excuse for careless mistakes.
Responsibility Beyond the Lab
In every chemical industry—whether it’s pharmaceuticals, materials science, or academic research—the smallest oversight can spiral outward. Getting the formula of 2-cyanophenol right is an unassuming but significant gesture of respect for safety, progress, and the people reading your work. Details aren’t just about memorization; they shape the quality of science people produce and the trust it earns in the world.
Looking at the Facts
2-Cyanophenol rarely gets much attention outside chemical circles. In industrial settings, people handle this compound for use in specialty dyes, pharmaceuticals, and research labs. It’s got a bitter almond-like odor, and, like many cyanide-related chemicals, it raises fair questions over whether it’s toxic or hazardous.
The Known Risks
People who spend time around 2-Cyanophenol quickly realize it doesn’t take much exposure to spark concern. The main risk links back to the cyanide group attached to the molecule. It’s not as instantly dangerous as inhaling pure hydrogen cyanide, but under certain conditions, 2-Cyanophenol breaks down and can release small amounts of cyanide. Breathing in dust, spilling it on skin, or getting it in the eyes can cause real problems. Nausea, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, and in severe cases, even convulsions are on the table if enough is absorbed.
Direct Experience on the Floor
Decades ago, I watched experienced chemists put a premium on gloves and goggles when handling nitrogen-containing phenols. If any of it hit their skin, cleanup came before anything else. It only takes a split second for solvents and powders carrying cyanide groups to cause burns or irritation. The fast action always demonstrated how close the margin could be before discomfort turns into a health scare.
Worker Health and Environmental Impact
Reports show moderate to severe irritation when 2-Cyanophenol contacts eyes or skin. Long-term exposure isn’t common, but logic suggests that repeated contact increases risk. Mice dosed with cyanide-bearing chemicals over time often develop breathing or thyroid problems. The biggest worry comes from how this chemical could affect smaller mammals, water organisms, or birds if spills spill into the environment. Industrial plants forced to monitor their waste streams have seen firsthand how small leaks impact fish and the organisms they depend on. Once a phenolic compound laced with nitriles enters waterways, it takes quick engineering solutions—scrubbers, activated charcoal beds, or double-walled containment—to stop the chain reaction.
Why Accountability Matters
For those running labs or factories, controlling 2-Cyanophenol hazards means setting up real containment—not just signs or one-size-fits-all safety lectures. Constant ventilation checks, personal protective gear, and on-call spill kits help avoid most accidents. Nobody wants to see a co-worker race to the eyewash station or a local stream test positive for phenols. I’ve heard small teams point out gaps in their safety routines, pushing supervisors to send samples for testing and double-check disposal logs. That kind of shared responsibility keeps risks in check.
Smart Solutions
Strong rules go a long way. Limiting the use of 2-Cyanophenol to trained staff, keeping records, and sticking with closed systems for dispensing and mixing reduces exposure. The EPA and OSHA both set strict thresholds for cyanide emissions, and companies stay on their toes to avoid fines. Refresher training on emergency procedures and testing local air and water makes a difference. People engaged and paying attention help catch leaks before they become news stories.
Final Thoughts on Safety
Most people will never run into 2-Cyanophenol. For those working with it, danger lies in ignoring small slips—open lids, torn gloves, dusty smocks on breakroom chairs. The facts show a pattern: respect the danger, follow the rules, and rely on the science behind the safeguards. Solid habits create a safer workplace, and accountability keeps everyone else out of harm’s way.
Understanding 2-Cyanophenol Risks
People who work with 2-Cyanophenol know it brings a set of risks. Every chemist and technician who's spent time in a lab has stories about volatile or sensitive compounds, and 2-Cyanophenol ranks among those that need real respect. This aromatic chemical, with its strong odor and distinct structure, poses health concerns. Brief exposure can lead to irritation in the respiratory tract, skin, and eyes. Inhaling dust or vapor—or even a bit of skin contact—might trigger headaches, burning sensations, or worse. For those who spend long hours in research and development settings, the risks go beyond inconvenience.
Safe Storage Starts With Environment
2-Cyanophenol hates heat and moisture. High temperatures or sunlight trigger decomposition, sometimes with the release of hazardous gases like hydrogen cyanide or nitrogen oxides. Humid air invites slow hydrolysis, threatening sample stability and worker safety. During my years in chemical labs, everyone knew to keep chemicals like this in cool, dry zones with effective ventilation, away from active HVAC outlets and direct sun. Hazard labels don't lie—the need for secure temperature control ranks high. Organized lab storage with climate monitoring stands out as one solid fix. Digital thermometers and alert systems are no longer luxury; they're necessity for any team seeking safety and reliability.
Choosing Containers Wisely
Old-timers used glass jars sealed with wax or parafilm, but industry standards now favor amber glass bottles with airtight, chemical-resistant caps. Polyethylene and polypropylene cap inserts keep moisture from sneaking in. Some research teams line cabinet shelves with spill trays or absorbent mats as backup against leaks. One colleague in a pharmaceutical plant once caught a leak in the nick of time—he spotted a faint odor, found a cracked cap, and avoided a hazmat drill that could have closed the lab for a week. Even one overlooked crack spells trouble. Running regular, hands-on checks and keeping clear records lowers the chances of accidents.
Good Labeling and Segregation
Working with organics means accuracy matters at every step. Simple paper labels fade, so solvent-resistant labels with bold, readable hazard signs make a difference. With a shelf full of bottles, nobody wants a panic moment looking for a label mid-emergency. Storing chemicals alphabetically often invites disaster; mixing oxidizers or strong acids with 2-Cyanophenol can fuel reactions no one wants. In my own testing days, keeping every group of chemicals separated—organics with organics, acids with acids—was burned into daily practice. Good segregation avoids dangerous surprises and simplifies spills cleanup, saving precious minutes if the worst ever comes.
Employee Training and Accountability
Guidelines printed in a binder don’t save people—actions do. Training goes beyond reading safety data sheets. Real drills, honest walk-throughs, and hands-on sessions with new staff turn protocol into muscle memory. I’ve seen too many near-misses when a staff member skipped the glove station or grabbed an unapproved storage bottle. Supervisors walk storage areas, double-checking not just stock but proper sealing and separation. Digital checklists and shared logs keep everyone in the loop, preventing lapse through teamwork. In places where people value safety, staff meetings cover new risks and feedback from close calls. Everyone has a voice, from the most senior chemist to the newest technician.
Toward Smarter, Safer Labs
Safe storage improves more than health—it protects valuable research and workplace trust. Labs that prioritize thoughtful storage build resilience against emergencies and regulatory headaches. By focusing on temperature, humidity, robust containers, clear labeling, segregation, and rigorous training, anyone handling 2-Cyanophenol can turn a risky compound into a routine task, day in and day out.
Why Solubility Matters with 2-Cyanophenol
Chemistry always felt a bit easier to grasp once you actually got a substance in hand — not just memorizing reactions, but watching some powder dissolve or stay stubborn at the bottom of the beaker. Take 2-cyanophenol as an example. Anyone who has worked with aromatic compounds knows solubility pops up a lot. It decides if that compound goes into your solution, or ends up filtered out before product isolation. In the broader world, these properties don’t just matter for the folks in lab coats. They can decide whether a process can happen safely, efficiently, and even economically, across industries from pharmaceuticals to water treatment.
What 2-Cyanophenol Is Up To in Water and Organic Solvents
2-Cyanophenol stands out with its benzene ring, a -CN group, and a hydroxyl sticking off the side. The nitrile part brings some polarity to the table, but it doesn’t get friendly with water quite like a carboxylic acid or an alcohol chain might. The hydroxyl helps a bit, but that aromatic ring keeps things on the hydrophobic side. Toss a gram of this stuff into water and you’ll see it mostly stay undissolved. The numbers back this up: Its water solubility sits close to 1 gram per liter at room temperature — enough that you aren't just guessing, but not enough to call it water-soluble in everyday terms.
Working in the lab, organic solvents earn their keep here. Dissolve 2-cyanophenol in ethanol, acetone, or even ether, and any graduate student will tell you it slides right in — solubility jumps to much higher levels than water ever manages. This property saves time for synthesis and purification. It opens up more industrial options as well — reactions run smoother, purification steps get easier, and handling hazards drop since you don’t end up with sticky residues in pipes and glassware.
Real-World Impacts and Risks
Lab talk aside, commercial chemists care about these properties for good reason. When something dissolves well in organic solvents but not water, it limits how it travels in the environment. Environmental scientists look for that low solubility in water, knowing it means less chance of 2-cyanophenol hitching a ride downstream or showing up in your drinking glass. Its moderate vapor pressure and potential for partitioning into sediments also point toward limited spread — unless those organic solvents start entering the waste stream.
On the flip side, handling confidentiality in pharmaceutical research often calls for such moderately polar compounds. The right solvent choice, based on real solubility data, can mean the difference between a smooth process or sludge that requires hazardous clean-up. Poor solvent choice can also increase cost, both financially and environmentally, from added waste or longer downtimes due to clogs or incomplete reactions.
Solving Solubility Struggles
It would help if every project started with actual solubility measurements instead of old tables pulled from forgotten handbooks. Investment in green solvents is not just a buzzword — it’s become practical as solubility data comes in for alternatives to single-use petrochemicals. Training chemists and students to test and document these numbers pays off for everyone, especially in scaling up from benchtop to pilot plant.
In my own work, a little patience with solubility testing got rid of endless headaches. Getting the facts straight early, sharing those numbers, and switching to safer, more effective solvents — that’s what leads to productive days instead of troubleshooting the same gunky reactions, over and over.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 2-Hydroxybenzonitrile |
| Other names |
2-Hydroxybenzonitrile
o-Cyanophenol 2-Cyanobenzenol |
| Pronunciation | /tuː-saɪˈænoʊˌfiːnɒl/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 611-20-1 |
| Beilstein Reference | 1207932 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:83772 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL395462 |
| ChemSpider | 6081 |
| DrugBank | DB08225 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 13b8d1b4-f765-409b-81ef-1571017e7b3b |
| EC Number | 619-118-5 |
| Gmelin Reference | 82063 |
| KEGG | C06505 |
| MeSH | D000431 |
| PubChem CID | 70072 |
| RTECS number | SM8382000 |
| UNII | M876X9CK3F |
| UN number | UN3439 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID2054550 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C7H5NO |
| Molar mass | 119.12 g/mol |
| Appearance | White to light yellow crystalline solid |
| Odor | Phenol-like |
| Density | 1.15 g/cm3 |
| Solubility in water | slightly soluble |
| log P | 1.21 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.0085 mmHg (25 °C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 7.86 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 7.88 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -55.0·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.546 |
| Viscosity | 1.615 mPa·s (25 °C) |
| Dipole moment | 3.61 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 143.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | 92.5 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -3687.8 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Harmful if swallowed, causes skin and eye irritation, may cause respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS06, GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302, H312, H315, H319, H332, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P330, P337+P313, P362+P364 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 2-3-1 Health:2 Fire:3 Reactivity:1 Special: |
| Flash point | 107 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 600°C |
| Explosive limits | Explosive limits: 2.3–15% |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (oral, rat): 210 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): 340 mg/kg (oral, rat) |
| NIOSH | CYB |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 25-200 mg/m³ |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Phenol
Salicylaldehyde 2-Hydroxybenzonitrile |
