Material Safety Data Sheet: 2-Bromobutane

Identification

Product Name: 2-Bromobutane
Chemical Formula: C4H9Br
Synonyms: sec-Butyl bromide, Butan-2-yl bromide
CAS Number: 78-76-2
Recommended Use: Laboratory chemicals, synthesis, industrial manufacturing
Supplier Details: Reach out to established chemical manufacturers or distributors for further details
Emergency Contact Number: March towards local emergency response or poison control center for quick assistance

Hazard Identification

Classification: Flammable liquids (Category 3); Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 4); Skin irritation (Category 2); Eye irritation (Category 2A); Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure (Category 3)
Label Elements: Signal word: Warning; Hazard pictograms: flame, exclamation mark
Hazard Statements: Liquid and vapor catch fire easily. Harms if swallowed. Causes mild to moderate skin and eye irritation. May cause drowsiness or dizziness when inhaled.
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from sparks and open flame. Avoid breathing vapors. Wear gloves, eye protection, and work in a fume hood or well-ventilated area. Wash thoroughly after handling.

Composition / Information on Ingredients

Chemical Name: 2-Bromobutane
Percentage: 98% or higher in standard grades for laboratory or industrial use
Impurities: Non-volatile residue, traces of butanols, higher bromides (< 2%)
Other Identifiers: EINECS: 201-995-5, UN Number: 2349

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Remove from exposure, breathe fresh air. Seek medical attention if symptoms like dizziness, headache, or nausea continue.
Skin Contact: Rinse skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothes right away. Seek medical advice for irritation or persistent redness.
Eye Contact: Rinse with flowing water for a solid 15 minutes, keeping eyelids open. See an eye doctor if discomfort sticks around.
If Swallowed: Do not force vomiting unless told by medical staff. Rinse mouth and drink water in small sips. Get medical help for any signs of distress.

Fire-Fighting Measures

Suitable Extinguishing Media: Alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical. Water sprays could help cool containers but avoid direct jets.
Specific Hazards: Gives off toxic fumes of hydrogen bromide, carbon oxides, and other unidentified compounds. Vapors can flow along surfaces leading to distant ignition.
Protective Gear: Firefighters should put on full-body fire gear and self-contained breathing mask. Remain upwind and keep a safe distance.
Advice for Firefighters: Move containers away from the fire area if possible and safe. Stay alert to possible violent rupture due to pressure build-up in heated containers.

Accidental Release Measures

Personal Precautions: Wear gloves and safety goggles. Get fresh air flowing to the area. Stay away from ignition sources.
Environmental Precautions: Avoid letting spills sneak into sewers, groundwater, or soil.
Containment: Use non-sparking tools to stop the leak if it can be done safely.
Clean-up Methods: Absorb with soil, sand, or commercial absorbent. Shovel into sealable containers for disposal. Wash site with water after sweeping up.

Handling and Storage

Handling: Work only in well-ventilated spaces or a fume hood. Do not smoke, eat, or drink while handling. Use non-sparking tools and keep away from static sources.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated spot, away from heat, open flames, oxidizing agents, acids, and bases. Keep container tightly closed and upright. Label everything and keep incompatible materials far apart.

Exposure Controls and Personal Protection

Permissible Levels: No specific national limits for 2-Bromobutane. Keep vapors low as possible.
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation or full chemical fume hood.
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene), splash goggles, lab coats. In high vapor areas, wear proper respirator (organic vapor cartridge). Wash hands after use.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance: Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Sharp, ether-like
Odor Threshold: Not established
pH: Not applicable
Melting Point: -116°C
Boiling Point: 91-92°C
Flash Point: 20°C (68°F)
Evaporation Rate: Not determined
Flammability: Flammable
Upper/Lower Explosion Limits: Not precisely available
Vapor Pressure: 90 mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density: About 4 (air=1)
Relative Density: 1.26 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, mixes well with organic solvents
Partition coefficient (log Kow): Around 2.1
Auto-ignition Temperature: Over 200°C
Decomposition Temperature: Not established
Viscosity: Not determined

Stability and Reactivity

Chemical Stability: Stable at room temperature under ordinary conditions. Rapid vaporization at higher temperatures.
Reactivity: Avoid strong bases, acids, oxidizers, and reducing agents. Can react with water over time forming corrosive byproducts.
Hazardous Reactions: No under anticipated conditions; In incompatible environments, violent reactions or fire possible.
Hazardous Decomposition: Produces hydrogen bromide, carbon oxides when burned.
Conditions to Avoid: Sparks, flames, heat above 50°C, direct sunlight.

Toxicological Information

Likely Routes of Exposure: Skin contact, inhalation, ingestion
Acute Toxicity: Oral rat LD50: approximately 2000 mg/kg. Inhalation leads to nausea, CNS effects, irritant symptoms.
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Causes redness and dryness.
Eye Damage/Irritation: Stings and reddens eyes moderately.
Respiratory Sensitization: May irritate airway membranes.
Chronic Effects: No confirmed long-term health risks from normal handling, though repeated exposure can harm liver or kidneys in some research models.
Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity: Not listed as carcinogenic by IARC, NTP, or OSHA. Data are limited on genetic or reproductive effects.

Ecological Information

Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic life. Fish (LC50 96h) ~45 mg/L, invertebrates (EC50 48h) ~18 mg/L. Bioaccumulates in food chain.
Persistence and Degradability: Tends to break down in air but less quickly in water or soil.
Bioaccumulation Potential: Moderate; log Kow above 2 signals some risk.
Mobility in Soil: Volatile, may leach through sand and loam. Lower mobility in clay.
Other Harmful Effects: No specific records on ozone, greenhouse, or other indirect impacts.

Disposal Considerations

Disposal Methods: Unused product and contaminated materials go to licensed hazardous waste facilities. Hand empty containers as hazardous. Avoid direct release to water or landfill.
Special Precautions: Label and store waste securely until proper pick-up. Drenchable absorbents for small liquid volumes, do not burn or incinerate in open air.

Transport Information

UN Number: 2349
UN Proper Shipping Name: 2-Bromobutane
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid)
Packing Group: II
Labels: Flammable liquid
Environmental Hazards: Marine pollutant. Protect from breakage and keep away from foodstuffs.
Special Precautions for Transport: Use only approved containers. Secure loads to minimize risk of leaks. Emergency cards with each shipment.

Regulatory Information

OSHA: Classified hazardous based on flammability and acute toxicity.
TSCA: Listed in the U.S. Inventory.
EU Regulations: Complies with REACH, flagged as flammable, harmful, and aquatic hazard.
Other International Inventories: Found on Canada DSL, Australia AICS, Japan ENCS, and Korea ECL.
Safety, Health and Environmental Regulations: Workplace should have emergency showers, eyewash stations, and clear spill procedures.