Material Safety Data Sheet: 1-Chloropentane

Identification

Product Name: 1-Chloropentane
Chemical Formula: C5H11Cl
CAS Number: 543-59-9
Synonyms: Pentyl chloride, n-Pentyl chloride
Recommended Use: Laboratory chemical, industrial solvent, intermediate in organic synthesis
Supplier Details: Detailed supplier contact information should appear on product packaging or company documentation for quick access.
Emergency Contact Number: Provided by supplier or local poison control center

Hazard Identification

GHS Classification: Flammable Liquids (Category 3); Skin Irritant (Category 2); Eye Irritant (Category 2A); Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Single Exposure (Category 3, narcotic effects)
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Flammable liquid and vapor; Causes skin irritation; Causes serious eye irritation; May cause drowsiness or dizziness
Pictograms: Flame, exclamation mark
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, and hot surfaces. Avoid breathing vapor. Use personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and proper clothing.

Composition / Information on Ingredients

Chemical Name: 1-Chloropentane
Concentration: 99% or higher
Impurities: Trace organic impurities may be present depending on manufacturing source
Additional Components: None intentionally added

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Remove exposed individual to fresh air. If breathing difficulties occur, give oxygen and seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact: Wash skin thoroughly with plenty of water and soap. Remove contaminated clothing and launder before reuse. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids occasionally. Obtain medical attention if symptoms persist.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting. Call a physician or poison control center immediately. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Most important symptoms: Drowsiness, dizziness, respiratory irritation, nausea, possible fume inhalation toxicity

Fire-Fighting Measures

Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid using water stream as it may spread fire.
Specific Hazards: May form toxic gases such as hydrogen chloride and phosgene during combustion. Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition away from the spill.
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear.
Advice for Firefighters: Cool exposed containers with water spray. Evacuate area if fire threatens large spills or storage.

Accidental Release Measures

Personal Precautions: Evacuate unprotected personnel from area. Ventilate enclosed spaces. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, eye protection, and respirator.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent from entering waterways, sewers, basements, or confined areas. Notify authorities if a significant spill occurs.
Cleanup Methods: Absorb with inert material (sand, earth, vermiculite), collect in a suitable container for disposal. Avoid sources of ignition. Decontaminate affected area with copious amounts of water and detergent.

Handling and Storage

Handling: Operate only in well-ventilated areas. Ground and bond containers and receiving equipment to avoid static discharge. Use non-sparking tools. Wash thoroughly after handling.
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated location away from direct sunlight, heat, flame sources, and incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers and acids.
Special Storage Requirements: Keep segregated from food and feedstuffs. Store below room temperature for long-term stability.

Exposure Controls and Personal Protection

Exposure Limits: No specific occupational exposure limit established by OSHA, ACGIH, or NIOSH, but general solvent handling practices should apply.
Engineering Controls: Provide mechanical exhaust or process enclosure ventilation to keep airborne levels below recommended exposure limits.
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene), splash-proof safety goggles, flame-resistant clothing, and use of a NIOSH/MSHA approved respirator when vapor concentrations are high.
Hygiene Measures: No smoking, eating, or drinking in work area. Wash hands before breaks and after handling material. Remove contaminated clothing and clean before reuse.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Sweet, characteristic solvent-like odor
Odor Threshold: Not established
pH: Not applicable
Melting Point/Freezing Point: -94°C
Boiling Point/Boiling Range: 107°C
Flash Point: 21°C (closed cup)
Evaporation Rate: Not available
Flammability: Flammable liquid and vapor
Vapor Pressure: 30 mmHg at 20°C
Vapor Density: 3.9 (air = 1)
Relative Density: 0.862 at 20°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water; miscible with organic solvents like ethanol, ether, and chloroform
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): 2.5
Autoignition Temperature: 225°C
Decomposition Temperature: Not established
Viscosity: Not established

Stability and Reactivity

Chemical Stability: Stable under standard temperatures and pressures if stored properly.
Possible Hazardous Reactions: May react with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, bases to produce toxic products.
Conditions To Avoid: Heat, flame, sources of ignition, strong light; contact with incompatible materials.
Incompatible Materials: Acids, alkali metals, oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, phosgene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
Polymerization: Will not occur under normal conditions.

Toxicological Information

Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin, and eye contact; ingestion.
Acute Toxicity: LD50 (oral, rat) approximately 1260 mg/kg; inhalation toxicity data limited.
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Irritating to skin on contact, especially with prolonged or repeated exposure.
Eye Damage/Irritation: Causes significant eye irritation.
Respiratory or Skin Sensitization: Not expected to be a sensitizer.
Specific Target Organ Toxicity: May cause central nervous system effects including dizziness and drowsiness.
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as a confirmed human carcinogen by IARC, NTP, or OSHA.
Mutagenicity: Not known to be mutagenic.
Reproductive Toxicity: No data supporting reproductive toxicity in humans.

Ecological Information

Toxicity to Aquatic Life: Harmful to aquatic organisms; avoid discharge to waterways.
Persistence and Degradability: Moderately persistent. Biodegradation occurs slowly in aerobic conditions.
Bioaccumulation Potential: May bioaccumulate in organisms due to moderate log Kow.
Mobility in Soil: Low water solubility may result in slow migration through soil; vaporization from dry surfaces probable.
Other Adverse Effects: Do not allow chemical to reach ground water, water bodies, or sewage system.

Disposal Considerations

Waste Disposal Methods: Collect and reclaim or dispose in accordance with local, regional, national, and international regulations. Incineration in an appropriate hazardous waste facility is preferred option.
Contaminated Packaging: Empty containers may retain product residues and vapors. Do not attempt to refill or clean containers except as permitted by regulatory procedures. Dispose of packaging as hazardous waste.

Transport Information

UN Number: UN1993
UN Proper Shipping Name: Flammable liquid, n.o.s. (1-Chloropentane)
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable Liquid)
Packing Group: III
Environmental Hazards: Not a marine pollutant as defined by IMDG Code, but harmful for aquatic life.
Special Precautions for User: Avoid release during handling and transport. Emergency response guide and spill kits should be nearby transport locations.

Regulatory Information

TSCA: Listed in the United States TSCA Inventory.
EINECS/ELINCS: Listed (208-857-2).
SARA Title III, Sections 311/312: Immediate (acute) and fire hazards.
California Proposition 65: Not listed.
Other Regulations: Subject to workplace substance exposure monitoring. Local legislation may apply for storage and transport.
Labeling Requirements: Clear labeling needed according to Globally Harmonized System (GHS) with standardized hazard communication.