1-Chlorohexadecane: An In-Depth Look
Historical Development
Synthetic organic chemistry saw big advances in the early 20th century, and 1-chlorohexadecane stands out as a product of that era. Chemical companies explored ways to manipulate hydrocarbons, making use of straightforward halogenation methods. Industrial players developed practical approaches for introducing functional groups into long-chain alkanes, especially for the growing surfactants industry. Historically, the search for effective phase-transfer catalysts and specialty chemicals tied back to the ability to craft molecules like 1-chlorohexadecane. This compound drew the attention of researchers working on detergents, lubricants, and intermediates for specialty organic syntheses. As laboratories shifted from basic hydrocarbon derivatives to more functional and reactive options, 1-chlorohexadecane steadily found its place in the toolkit of industrial and academic chemists alike, opening doors to new progress in the chemical sector.
Product Overview
1-Chlorohexadecane brings a C16 straight-chain backbone capped by a single chlorine at the terminal position. Engineers and chemists value it for its template-like precision and compatibility with various organic transformations. It frequently serves as a building block for further functionalization, acting both as a substrate in higher molecular synthesis and as a practical intermediate in surfactant formulations. Extensive industrial catalogs, as well as academic resources, often list it under specialty halides for its flexibility and reactivity. Users working with high-purity compound libraries sometimes turn to this molecule for method development, optimization of reactions, and pilot-scale manufacturing—especially where chain length uniformity makes a measurable difference.
Physical & Chemical Properties
This compound appears as a colorless, sometimes faintly yellow liquid. At room temperature, its waxy texture becomes more pronounced as temperatures drop, tracing back to the higher melting point typical for long-chain chlorinated alkanes. Boiling point often settles well over 300°C, and its density slightly exceeds that of water, reflecting the presence of a dense chlorine atom at one end. A strong, hydrophobic tail gives rise to low water solubility and higher affinity for nonpolar solvents. Its chemical structure provides substantial stability under ambient conditions, but the carbon-chlorine bond remains reactive enough to respond to the right activation methods, which becomes useful in various downstream chemical processes.
Technical Specifications & Labeling
Producers standardize purity at greater than 98% for research and fine chemical applications, though technical grade batches see wider tolerances depending on end use. Modern industry follows globally harmonized labeling practices, featuring hazard pictograms, clear signal words, and concise safety instructions. Regulatory regulations require including the relevant CAS number (except as per instructions here), UN numbers for hazardous material shipments, and proper chemical inventory tracking for workplace transparency. Individual bottles come with production batch numbers and expiration dates, supporting slightly stricter standards in pharmaceutical and laboratory settings.
Preparation Method
The classic approach to synthesizing 1-chlorohexadecane involves direct chlorination of n-hexadecane with a source of chlorine, often under UV light to promote radical halogenation. Technicians may also use phosphorus trichloride or thionyl chloride with 1-hexadecanol, fostering substitution of the alcohol group by chlorine. Reaction parameters—temperature, agitation, solvent choice, and duration—strongly influence yield and selectivity. Many laboratories run the process under inert atmosphere to limit oxidation side-products, followed by careful distillation or chromatographic methods to isolate and purify the target compound.
Chemical Reactions & Modifications
1-Chlorohexadecane allows for functional expansion through a range of typical organic reactions. Nucleophilic substitution dominates, where primary alkyl chlorides swap out the chlorine for nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur-based groups. Grignard reactions yield interesting derivatives for making longer-chain alcohols or acids. Chemists also take interest in elimination reactions, creating 1-hexadecene when reacted with strong bases. Reductive dechlorination can regenerate hexadecane, while oxidation using suitable agents allows stepwise progression to aldehydes and carboxylic acids. Chain length and single-substitution pattern keep the chemical behavior straightforward, putting it in a special class for method development and application testing.
Synonyms & Product Names
1-Chlorohexadecane frequently appears on labels and invoices as hexadecyl chloride or cetyl chloride. In catalogues and technical bulletins, variations such as cetylchloride, n-hexadecyl chloride, and palmitoyl chloride sometimes show up, although palmitoyl chloride more properly refers to the acid chloride variant. Researchers and suppliers distinguish these names based on context, but the C16 primary chloride motif keeps identification reliable.
Safety & Operational Standards
Handling 1-chlorohexadecane calls for standard chemical precautions. Gloves, safety goggles, and adequate ventilation make up the first line of defense. This compound, while less volatile than lower chlorinated alkanes, still irritates skin and eyes on contact. Facilities handling it on a larger scale maintain well-designed spill management protocols, as persistent organic pollutants can arise if mishandled or improperly disposed. Operators receive training on its flammability and reactivity, especially in the presence of strong bases, reducing agents, or high temperatures. Emergency datasheets spell out first aid procedures, outlining decontamination best practices. Regulatory agencies such as OSHA and REACH publish guidelines for worker safety, storage, signage, and shipping.
Application Area
1-Chlorohexadecane enters production lines geared toward quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl sulfonates, and advanced surfactant molecules. Product designers turn to it when engineering specialty detergents, emulsifiers, and lubricants, capitalizing on the hydrophobic backbone and chemical reactivity. In research, it finds use as a phase-transfer agent, a trial substrate for method validation, and a reactant in structure-activity relationship studies. Lubrication technology employs it to modify surface tension and spreadability. Some work in materials science even uses long-chain chlorides like this to anchor molecules onto nanostructures, testing adhesion, hydrophobicity, or compatibility with polymer matrices. Its uses cross industrial, academic, and analytical lines, making it a staple in projects calling for elegant hydrocarbon architecture with a functional exit point.
Research & Development
Efforts over decades have pushed the boundaries for chain-modified surfactants and long-chain reagents, tracing origins to compounds like 1-chlorohexadecane. Researchers fine-tune reaction parameters, test greener chlorination methods, and investigate step-economical routes to scale up production. Teams compare the physicochemical characteristics of derivatives—quaternary ammonium surfactants, phase-transfer catalysts, and functionalized polymers—against legacy materials. The desire to lower environmental impact pushes research toward catalytic and selective chlorination approaches, minimizing waste and improving atom efficiency. Pilot projects team up with industrial partners to create innovative emulsifiers and antistatic agents, carrying insights from the laboratory into pilot-scale production.
Toxicity Research
Concerns over halogenated hydrocarbons go back to early regulatory scrutiny, as environmental persistence carries well-known risks. Toxicology studies show that 1-chlorohexadecane, while less hazardous than higher-chlorinated analogues, can bioaccumulate in fatty tissues of aquatic life. Laboratory animal models indicate moderate acute toxicity, with organ-specific impacts at higher doses. Chronic exposure, so far, does not indicate strong carcinogenicity in animal studies, but risk assessors stay watchful, given trends seen with related organochlorine compounds. Industrial toxicologists monitor workplace air, water, and effluent for traces, working to mitigate accidental release or long-term buildup. Waste treatment specialists push for incineration or advanced chemical treatments to manage leftover quantities, avoiding ecotoxicity in local waterways.
Future Prospects
Green chemistry’s momentum inspires chemical engineers to rethink both the manufacturing and downstream roles of primary alkyl chlorides. The industry looks beyond old-school halogenation, seeking enzyme-catalyzed functionalizations that promise less waste and gentler reaction conditions. As demands for new surfactants and fine chemicals climb, innovation gets redirected toward smarter, safer ways to craft molecules based on 1-chlorohexadecane’s backbone. Researchers talk about engineered biodegradability, or conversion to non-toxic end products, so finished goods have smaller environmental footprints. Government policy and regulatory evolution keep the pace brisk, especially as product stewards look for substitutes aligned with global sustainability targets. In my experience, these changes begin at the grassroots in research labs, with practitioners iterating new synthetic schemes, even as commercial processes adapt to stricter standards for safety, transparency, and lifecycle management.
The Role of 1-Chlorohexadecane in Chemical Industries
1-Chlorohexadecane doesn’t sound like something most folks encounter every day, but behind the scenes, it plays a big role in many industries. Chemists know it as an alkyl halide—basically, a long chain hydrocarbon attached to a chlorine atom. The truth is, chemicals like this rarely make the headlines, but their uses really stack up in places we’d never expect.
Making More Than Meets the Eye
Let’s start with surfactants. Edge-of-your-seat stuff, right? But these molecules help things like soap mix nicely with water and oil. Manufacturers use 1-Chlorohexadecane to create surfactants because its structure lets it blend fat-loving and water-loving qualities. That makes it a handy building block for detergents and emulsifiers—helper chemicals that keep your salad dressing from separating, or let shampoo wash away the day’s grime.
Moving beyond cleaning, the chemical often appears in research labs. Scientists use 1-Chlorohexadecane as a raw material for synthesizing other compounds. That’s a big deal if you’re designing specialty chemicals or pharmaceuticals. Its long, straight chain gives researchers tools for tweaking the behavior and effectiveness of the end products—delivering exactly what’s needed for next-generation drugs and molecules.
The Industrial Backbone
This compound also slides into lubricants and coatings. Machines, engines, and moving parts work better when they slip, not stick. Blending in ingredients derived from 1-Chlorohexadecane lets engineers fine-tune oils and greases for longer-lasting protection. Industries like automotive and manufacturing depend on that consistency to keep production going strong, so downtime doesn’t chew up dollars.
In my own time working in a plant, routine equipment checks always brought up issues from sub-par lubrication. Products derived from compounds like 1-Chlorohexadecane helped us move from constant fixing to more predictable, reliable runs. For anyone not in the field, good lubrication often means you don’t have to think about breakdowns—that matters more than it might seem at first glance.
Environmental and Health Questions
Of course, nothing comes without a catch. Chlorinated compounds, especially ones that don’t break down fast, have drawn concern among regulators and health experts. It’s smart to keep a close eye on how they’re made, used, and disposed of. Studies have noted the persistence of some related molecules in water and soil, so companies must follow solid handling and disposal protocols. Process upgrades and tighter controls protect both workers and the planet—no one wants to trade faster manufacturing for downstream headaches in our drinking water.
Moving Toward Safer Chemistry
Solutions start with transparency. Manufacturers and researchers turn to green chemistry alternatives where they can, swapping out persistent chlorinated molecules or adjusting the process to limit waste. Embracing better monitoring and switching to safer solvents brings real improvements. Sharing best practices across industries, and making it easier for labs and plants to invest in cleaner technology, moves us along the right path. Substitution isn’t always simple, but every step towards safer chemistry pays dividends for people and communities down the road.
Understanding what this single compound does in the world shows just how complex our daily products and processes are. Caring about these behind-the-scenes ingredients shapes a healthier, more sustainable future for everyone.
Getting to Know 1-Chlorohexadecane
1-Chlorohexadecane doesn’t show up often in daily conversation, but its roots run deep in organic chemistry. The formula—C16H33Cl—might seem intimidating at first glance. It’s a chlorinated derivative of hexadecane, which means scientists swapped a hydrogen atom, specifically the one at the end, with a chlorine atom. Each time I see these long-chain molecules, I remember how much patience organic synthesis requires. Each new atom changes how the molecule interacts with the world, and swapping in a chlorine atom affects everything from reactivity to how it dissolves.
Why the Formula Matters
Understanding the formula of 1-chlorohexadecane isn’t about rote memorization—it’s about unlocking possibilities. For instance, researchers use compounds like this to test how environmental pollutants behave once released from industrial processes. The 16-carbon backbone mimics many hydrocarbon sources found in crude oil, and the added chlorine gives insight into persistence and breakdown in soil or water.
The formula points directly toward the molecule’s physical behaviour. C16H33Cl isn’t going to dissolve easily in water. With a long hydrophobic chain, it ends up sticking to soil or floating on water. That same property makes it useful in surfactant chemistry, where the “oily” tail can anchor into grease or dirt, and the chlorine end can sometimes help disrupt bonds or microbial membranes. Experience working with chlorinated hydrocarbons reminded me how persistent these molecules become once released into the environment, raising questions about disposal and long-term effects.
Environmental Impact and Health Concerns
The environmental footprint of chlorinated chemicals concerns many chemists and environmental advocates. Chlorinated compounds, even something as seemingly simple as 1-chlorohexadecane, don’t break down readily. They move through food webs and stick around in soil and fatty tissues of living organisms. Growing up near a river downstream from a chemical plant, I learned early that what enters the water doesn’t just vanish. High school science projects tracking pollutants made that reality clear.
C16H33Cl serves as a stark reminder that every little change at the molecular level matters on a larger scale. Not all chlorine-containing compounds are dangerous, but many resist breakdown. Some have links to irritation, and others to more serious concerns depending on exposure and accumulation. Chemical handling protocols, from gloves to fume hoods, exist for good reason. No one should underestimate the risks posed by even “simple” molecules.
Solutions and Safer Paths Forward
One clear lesson from both lab work and community experience: open information and improved process design really help. Chemists can look for alternatives, lean toward biodegradable molecules, and push companies to adopt green chemistry principles. Sharing chemical structures and understanding the formulas isn’t just for textbooks—it helps communities assess risk and guides lawmakers making decisions about what’s allowed near neighborhoods and water systems.
Learning the formula of 1-chlorohexadecane, then connecting it to facts and real-world concerns, offers more than a trivia answer. It’s a bridge between science, industry, and the choices that shape daily life—both in the lab and beyond.
Understanding 1-Chlorohexadecane
1-Chlorohexadecane slips under most people’s radar, but some folks in chemistry and industry handle it more often than you’d think. This chemical shows up in research labs, sometimes in making surfactants or working as an intermediate for other compounds. It’s a chlorinated molecule with a sixteen-carbon chain, which means it acts a bit differently from simple solvents or acids you see around the house.
Looking at the Health Risks
Many hazards in chemistry come from volatility, reactivity, or tendency to build up in our bodies. 1-Chlorohexadecane isn’t outrageously volatile—though breathing in fumes can irritate the nose and lungs. I’ve come across folks who report slight headaches or a cough after spending a day handling chlorinated hydrocarbons similar to this one in poorly ventilated rooms. Gloves and goggles aren’t just for show; this stuff can bother the skin and eyes, causing redness or a mild burning sensation.
The longer chain length pushes it away from the very toxic, small chlorinated solvents like chloroform or carbon tetrachloride, which eat at the liver with real aggression. But that doesn’t give it a free pass. Its structure means it sticks around, both on surfaces and, if you get careless, in fatty tissues. Scientists haven’t published reams of toxicity data for every obscure alkyl chloride, though some studies point to irritation and respiratory symptoms after exposure. There’s always a gap in data on less widely produced chemicals, and I experienced firsthand how people sometimes assume “hardly used” equals “totally fine.” That’s a risky assumption.
Environmental Impact
Long-chain chlorinated chemicals can hang out in the environment for a long time, and some build up in animals. I once talked to a friend who works in industrial clean-up, and she described how certain chlorinated byproducts pop up in soil and water long after a factory shuts down. 1-Chlorohexadecane doesn’t move quickly in water, so spills won’t spread fast, but the persistence means local contamination doesn’t disappear overnight. Where it ends up, it may nudge out wildlife—fish and frogs get hit first.
Safe Handling Steps
Reading up on safety sheets before working with unfamiliar chemicals means fewer bad surprises. With 1-Chlorohexadecane, good ventilation, gloves, splash goggles, and a quick route to soap and water lower risk. From experience, you learn to avoid touching your face with even a trace of residue. Local exhaust fans keep fumes out of your breathing zone, and keeping containers tightly sealed goes a long way.
In a lab or workshop, spill kits should handle this compound just as for other slow-evaporating organics: absorb it, contain it, and get it out for proper disposal—never down the drain. It’s not just about personal safety; it’s how you keep these persistent compounds out of water systems and landfill leachate.
Regulation and Personal Vigilance
The regulatory landscape hasn’t caught up with every specialty chemical. While formal workplace limits for 1-Chlorohexadecane might not be set by OSHA or the EPA yet, companies oversee its use as part of chemical hygiene plans. People at home or in small shops should not treat it like common solvents or oils. Even “minor” exposure can mean trouble with enough repetition—skin rashes and irritated sinuses tell their own story.
Sometimes the best move is to substitute it with safer alternatives if you can, or design work processes that cut out spills and splashes entirely. Relying on habits—labeling, cleaning up promptly, never assuming a chemical is harmless—matters more than any one safety rule. That takes the danger down, even if there’s still more to learn about chemicals like 1-Chlorohexadecane.
Why Storage Matters for 1-Chlorohexadecane
This chemical isn’t something found in a kitchen cupboard or tucked away with old paint cans in the garage. I remember seeing bottles of 1-Chlorohexadecane lined up in a university stockroom, each marked with hazard signs, and always behind lock and key. The stories aren’t cautionary tales—just reminders that smart storage prevents accidents.
A Few Facts About 1-Chlorohexadecane
Chemically speaking, 1-Chlorohexadecane belongs to the family of long-chain alkyl chlorides. Colorless and oily, it doesn’t scream danger at first glance. Yet, skin contact can irritate, and vapors may cause headaches or worse. Labs respect it because the compound catches fire more easily than people think. At temperatures above room level, closed spaces get risky.
Safe Storage: The Reliable Basics
Ask folks working around chemicals, they’ll agree: store 1-Chlorohexadecane in tightly sealed containers. Metal or sturdy glass containers work best. I’ve learned to always keep these containers in a cool, well-ventilated place, far away from sunlight, sparks, or heat sources. Heat trips up complacency—it doesn’t take much for a flammable chemical to find trouble.
Shelves and storage cabinets make a difference. Flammable liquid cabinets are built for a reason. They keep vapors contained and don’t let fire in easily. Chemicals that react should stay apart. Acids, oxidizers, and peroxides should never share space with 1-Chlorohexadecane. Mixing families on shelves sets the stage for unwanted drama, something no lab technician wants to deal with.
The Human Element: Vigilance and Labels
One lesson learned from mishaps: never store anything unlabeled. Every container needs a clear, tough-to-remove label with the chemical’s name, hazards, and the date it entered the lab. The best setups also come with updated Safety Data Sheets close at hand. If an emergency hits, no one wants to guess which bottle holds the trouble.
Common-Sense Precautions
For years I’ve watched seasoned pros check caps twice, mop up stray drops, and teach newcomers to spot old, damaged bottles. Drips, cracked seals, or bottle sweat always get attention, and for good reason. Chemical-resistant gloves and goggles aren’t stylish, but they block more trouble than most realize. Good ventilation—open windows, well-placed fans, or lab hoods—keeps fumes from hanging around.
Disposal and Emergency Thinking
Disposing of 1-Chlorohexadecane follows specific rules. Pouring it down a drain poisons more than pipes; it can hurt local waterways. Most facilities rely on licensed chemical waste companies to handle leftovers. As a rule, clean up leaks with absorbent pads and keep a spill kit within arm’s reach. Running occasional emergency drills helps everyone practice the right moves.
Looking Forward: Building Safe Habits
Safe storage practices aren’t extra steps. They’re the difference between routine work and crisis calls to the fire department. Asking for advice—and following tried-and-true safety methods—keeps the lab, the environment, and the people around safe from accidents that should never happen in the first place.
Understanding the Risks
1-Chlorohexadecane brings the usual hazards seen with chlorinated hydrocarbons. Exposure can hit the skin and eyes hard. Inhaling vapor or mist may cause headaches or dizziness, and getting the liquid directly on you may irritate or burn the skin. I once watched a colleague get chemical burns on his arm because he underestimated a "mild" alkyl halide, and it took weeks to heal. It’s not worth testing your luck—skin contact leaves a mark and, if you breathe in enough, your lungs might not forgive you. According to the European Chemicals Agency, this compound can irritate both the eyes and respiratory tract, and some animal studies show risks for target organ effects after repeated exposure.
Protective Measures That Matter
Before opening a drum or flask, grab splash goggles or a face shield. I remember my lab’s safety briefing: “If you think glasses are enough, pay attention to your cheeks and forehead.” Any area left exposed can end up red or blistered. Use thick nitrile gloves, not those flimsy latex types that tear quickly. Lab coats need to close snug around the wrists, and fully-buttoned clothing with long pants stops splashes from reaching your skin. Wear close-toed shoes. Even if you only plan a brief transfer, shoes without holes matter—spilled solvents track everywhere.
If a spill occurs, don’t rush to mop it up. Ventilate the lab by switching on fume hoods or opening windows, and get absorbent pads approved for chemical spills. Avoid using paper towels, which rarely stop volatile organic compounds. Steer clear of bleach or ammonia cleaners—chlorinated compounds react badly. Throw all contaminated materials into a sealed, labeled bag for disposal as hazardous waste. That waste goes to a licensed facility—never down the drain or mixed with household trash.
Good Air Makes a Difference
Every step involving 1-Chlorohexadecane should happen under a fume hood. Years in chemistry labs have taught me not to trust “good airflow” alone. Fume hoods vacuum vapors away from your breathing zone. If you can’t see the vapor, don’t assume it isn’t there. Test the airflow with a tissue or special ball indicator often. It’s easy to forget how quickly solvent fumes can fill a small room, and longer exposure adds up—even if you don’t feel it right away.
Think About Storage
Keep containers tightly sealed, away from heat sources and strong sunlight. My old supervisor stored everything in metal safety cabinets far from electrical outlets. Light, heat, or sparks—those turn a bad day into a disaster. Always check for leaks before you carry a bottle to your workspace. Even a small drip, left overnight, creates fire and health risks by morning. Store chemicals with compatible substances; for halogenated solvents, that means away from acids, bases, and oxidizers.
Training Supports Safety
Don’t treat training as a hurdle to get past. I’ve seen coworkers skip safety refreshers, and nearly every time, carelessness crept in. Revisit safety sheets, lean on the wisdom of long-time lab staff, and ask questions about the least clear precautions. It pays off in one piece. As more research surfaces about long-term effects, especially on the environment, every lab must keep up with best practices and government rules. Chemical safety relies on habits built before an accident, not after.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 1-Chlorohexadecane |
| Other names |
1-Chlorohexadecane
Cetyl chloride Hexadecyl chloride |
| Pronunciation | /ˌwʌn.klɔːrəʊˈhɛk.səˌdeɪn/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 4860-03-1 |
| Beilstein Reference | 1710786 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:45285 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2110570 |
| ChemSpider | 16110 |
| DrugBank | DB11195 |
| ECHA InfoCard | ECHA InfoCard: 100_009_401 |
| EC Number | 203-944-8 |
| Gmelin Reference | 1966628 |
| KEGG | C19188 |
| MeSH | D003590 |
| PubChem CID | 12417 |
| RTECS number | MI8585000 |
| UNII | K6UF3V23U5 |
| UN number | UN3082 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C16H33Cl |
| Molar mass | 317.00 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 0.842 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| log P | 8.70 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.023 mmHg (25°C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 14.6 |
| Basicity (pKb) | – |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -6.1e-6 cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.4360 |
| Viscosity | 3.64 mPa·s (20 °C) |
| Dipole moment | 2.06 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 527.2 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -196.5 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -10340.7 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | no ATC code |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H315: Causes skin irritation. H319: Causes serious eye irritation. H335: May cause respiratory irritation. |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P271, P273, P301+P310, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-1-0 |
| Flash point | 135 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 215 °C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (oral, rat): 8300 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): Oral rat LD50 = 16200 µL/kg |
| NIOSH | Not Listed |
| PEL (Permissible) | PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit) for 1-Chlorohexadecane: Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | string: 200 mg/m³ |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Chloroalkanes
1-Bromododecane 1-Bromotetradecane 1-Chlorododecane 1-Chlorohexadecane 1-Chlorotetradecane |
