Material Safety Data Sheet for 1-Bromopropane

Identification

Product Name: 1-Bromopropane
Synonyms: n-Propyl bromide, nPB
Chemical Formula: C3H7Br
CAS Number: 106-94-5
Recommended Uses: Used as a cleaning solvent for metals, electronics, fabric, aerosols, and adhesives
Supplier Information: Manufacturer and supplier identities and emergency phone lines appear on manufacturer's packaging and SDS distribution
Emergency Contact: CHEMTREC, local fire department or medical emergency line
Restrictions: Industrial and professional use. Do not use for consumer household cleaning.

Hazard Identification

GHS Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 3), Serious eye irritation (Category 2), Specific Target Organ Toxicity (Single Exposure, Category 3 — narcosis)
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Flammable liquid and vapor. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause drowsiness or dizziness. Suspected of causing cancer and reproductive toxicity from prolonged or repeated exposure.
Pictograms: Flame, Health hazard, Exclamation mark
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames. Prevent eye contact. Avoid breathing vapor or mist. Use only outdoors or in well-ventilated spaces. Wear protective clothing, eye/face protection, gloves. Wash thoroughly after handling.

Composition / Information on Ingredients

Chemical Name: 1-Bromopropane
Concentration: ≥99% by weight
Impurities: May contain trace amounts of 2-bromopropane and water, usually under 1%, based on manufacturing process
Other Additives: Not intentionally added. Seek supplier assurances if purity is critical to final use.

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air. Call poison control or seek medical attention if symptoms like dizziness, headache, or respiratory irritation appear.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash skin with copious soap and water. Seek medical advice for irritation or burns.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes thoroughly with water for several minutes, lifting eyelids occasionally. Remove contact lenses if present. Continue flushing if irritation persists.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth. Get immediate medical help. Give water only if person is fully conscious.

Fire-Fighting Measures

Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam, or water spray. Avoid using direct high-pressure water stream on flames.
Specific Hazards: Vapors can form explosive mixtures with air, especially above flash point. Toxic gases, including hydrogen bromide and carbon monoxide, may be released.
Special Protective Equipment: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and chemical-resistant protective clothing.
Firefighting Instructions: Move containers from fire area if it can be done safely. Cool exposed containers with water spray.

Accidental Release Measures

Personal Precautions: Ventilate area. Evacuate personnel to safe locations. Use personal protective equipment including gloves, goggles, and, if vapor concentration exceeds limits, an appropriate respirator.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains, water courses, or soil. Notify authorities of significant leaks.
Clean-up Methods: Absorb liquid with inert materials such as dry earth or sand. Collect into properly labeled non-sparking containers. Clean spill area thoroughly.

Handling and Storage

Safe Handling: Avoid skin and eye contact. Prevent inhalation of fumes or vapors. Use outdoors or in areas with adequate ventilation. Keep away from sources of ignition — no smoking or open flames.
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed original containers in cool, dry, well-ventilated rooms away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials. Separate from oxidizers, acids, alkalis and reactive metals.
Other Advice: Only authorized and trained personnel should handle. Ground all equipment during transfer. Do not store in unlabeled containers.

Exposure Controls and Personal Protection

Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL not established. NIOSH REL: 1 ppm. ACGIH TLV: 0.1 ppm TWA (skin). National workplace exposure standards may differ.
Engineering Controls: Use explosion-proof ventilation systems. Enclose processes and local exhaust to keep airborne concentrations below exposure limits.
Personal Protective Equipment: Use chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or Viton), splash goggles, and flame-resistant aprons. If ventilation is poor, wear approved air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridges.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face after using. Remove contaminated clothing promptly and launder before reuse.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Mild sweet odor, similar to other halogenated hydrocarbons
Odor Threshold: No reliable data available; noticeable at low concentrations
pH: Not applicable (non-aqueous)
Melting Point: -110°C
Boiling Point: 71°C (160°F)
Flash Point: 24°C (75°F, closed cup)
Evaporation Rate: Approximately 2.8 (butyl acetate = 1)
Flammability: Flammable liquid
Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosion Limits: LEL: 4.2% (v/v), UEL: 7.8% (v/v)
Vapor Pressure: 140 mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density: 4.3 (air = 1)
Relative Density: 1.35 (water = 1)
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (2.5 g/L at 25°C). Miscible with organic solvents
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): log Kow = 2.1
Auto-ignition Temperature: 470°C (878°F)
Decomposition Temperature: Not established, but decomposes to toxic fumes under extreme heat

Stability and Reactivity

Chemical Stability: Stable at ordinary temperatures and pressures under recommended handling and storage.
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sparks, open flame, static discharge. Avoid contact with incompatible chemicals.
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents, alkali metals, finely divided metals, acids, bases, amines can cause violent reactions.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Bromides, hydrogen bromide, carbon oxides.
Reactivity: Reacts with strong bases and oxidizers.

Toxicological Information

Acute Toxicity: Inhalation of high concentrations can depress the central nervous system, cause headache, dizziness, nausea, loss of coordination, and in severe cases, unconsciousness. Oral LD50 (rat): 4260 mg/kg. Dermal LD50 (rabbit): > 2,000 mg/kg.
Skin and Eye Contact: Liquid or vapor can irritate skin and eyes. May cause redness and chemical burns on prolonged exposure.
Respiratory Effects: Vapors cause cough, throat irritation, pulmonary edema with heavy exposure.
Chronic Effects: Linked to peripheral neuropathy, reproductive toxicity, and potential carcinogenicity with long-term industrial exposure. Animal studies suggest increased cancer risk.
Sensitization: Not a known sensitizer.
Mutagenicity: Some studies suggest genetic toxicity; data is still being evaluated.

Ecological Information

Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects. Acute EC50 (Daphnia): 12.4 mg/L (48 hr)
Persistence/Degradability: Shelf life is moderate, slow degradation in water and soil. Volatilizes readily to atmosphere.
Bioaccumulative Potential: Moderate. Not expected to significantly bioaccumulate due to volatility but can enter food chain.
Mobility in Soil: Spills can migrate through soil and reach groundwater. Tendency to partition into atmosphere.
Other Harm: Contributes to ground-level ozone, has some global warming potential though much less than older solvents.

Disposal Considerations

Waste Disposal Methods: Collect and dispose at licensed chemical incinerator able to handle halogenated solvent waste or through professional hazardous waste disposal contractors. Do not discharge into drains or the environment.
Container Disposal: Empty containers must be triple rinsed and then punctured before disposal. Treat as hazardous waste.
Recycle/Reuse: If feasible, consider closed-loop solvent recycling systems for process uses.

Transport Information

UN Number: UN2344
Proper Shipping Name: 1-Bromopropane
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquids)
Packing Group: II
Labels: Flammable liquid
Marine Pollutant: Yes
Special Precautions: Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flames during shipment; use approved containers and transport according to DOT, ADR, IMDG, IATA regulations.

Regulatory Information

TSCA Status: Listed
OSHA: Hazardous chemical; subject to workplace controls
SARA Title III: Not subject to reporting under Sections 302, 304, 313; listed under 311/312 (Fire, Acute/Chronic health)
California Proposition 65: Listed as a chemical known to the state of California to cause cancer and reproductive toxicity
RCRA Status: Code U409 (hazardous waste)
Other National/Local Regulation: Subject to EU REACH Regulation; workplace limitations in multiple jurisdictions due to health risks
WHMIS Classification (Canada): B2 — Flammable liquid, D2B — Toxic material causing other toxic effects