1-Bromododecane: Insights on a Versatile Chemical

Historical Development

Chemical research often uncovers new tools that become mainstays in labs and industry. 1-Bromododecane made its entry into synthetic chemistry circles sometime in the early to mid-20th century. Early organic chemists, seeking longer-chained alkyl halides for reaction studies, discovered its utility as an alkylating agent. As laboratory glassware and purification technology improved, 1-Bromododecane found its way into industrial catalogs. Synthetic methodologies for primary alkyl bromides matured over decades, finding consistent demand for surfactant preparation, organic synthesis, and material modification.

Product Overview

1-Bromododecane comes from the family of straight-chain alkyl bromides. This synthetic molecule plays a key part where strong alkylating action is required. Supply networks source the compound from specialty chemical manufacturers, which offer the material in various purity grades tailored for research and industrial scenarios. Common guidance suggests storing it in tightly closed, clearly labeled bottles and protecting it from air, light, and moisture. Most sources recommend glass containers with compatible seals so chemical reactions do not occur during storage.

Physical & Chemical Properties

With the molecular formula C12H25Br, 1-Bromododecane presents as a colorless liquid. It brings a faint, sometimes sweet odor that lingers after handling. Its molecular weight stands at roughly 249.24 g/mol. Boiling point typically shows up around 280°C, and melting comes in the range of -5°C to -3°C. This chemical resists mixing with water but blends well in ether, alcohol, and most other organic solvents. Density clusters around 1.03 g/cm3, and its refractive index falls in the range of 1.447–1.449. The bromine atom, anchored at the end of a 12-carbon chain, makes the molecule reactive in many classic nucleophilic substitution and elimination conditions, lending it both versatility and a note of caution for handlers.

Technical Specifications & Labeling

Labeling for 1-Bromododecane follows globally harmonized standards, including GHS symbols and hazard statements. Commercial bottles usually display the UN number (UN 1993 for flammable liquids, when mixed or classified accordingly), the CAS number (111-88-6), and other identifiers like EC and EINECS numbers. Reputable vendors publish certificates of analysis, often noting purity upwards of 98% for research applications. Users can find technical bulletins detailing solubility, recommended storage conditions, and shelf life. Labels warn of skin and eye irritation risks along with basic toxicological data, grounding safe use in both clear instructions and regulatory compliance.

Preparation Method

Manufacturers typically synthesize 1-Bromododecane through the reaction of 1-dodecanol and hydrobromic acid or by treating primary alcohol with phosphorus tribromide. Purification involves fractional distillation under reduced pressure to prevent decomposition and to yield a clean product. Scaling up requires robust ventilation, acid-resistant equipment, and enclosed systems to control exposure to hydrobromic acid fumes. Each synthetic route emphasizes the importance of temperature control and proper neutralization/waste handling for both yield and safety. Chemists trained in handling concentrated acids and brominating agents produce the compound reliably, favoring thorough washing steps to remove byproducts before distribution.

Chemical Reactions & Modifications

1-Bromododecane serves chemists as a starting point for building more complex molecules. Its classic use involves nucleophilic substitutions, allowing introduction of groups like amines, thiols, or alkoxides to produce quaternary ammonium salts, thioethers, or ethers. Treatment with base leads to elimination, forming dodecenes. In surface chemistry, researchers use this bromide to graft hydrophobic dodecyl chains onto silicas or polymers, tuning their behavior for specialty applications. In organometallic chemistry, reaction with magnesium metal produces the corresponding Grignard reagent, enabling further carbon–carbon bond formation. Each reaction showcases the combination of reactivity and chain length that drives demand across many scientific fields.

Synonyms & Product Names

Multiple synonyms help researchers around the world identify 1-Bromododecane. Trade names include Lauryl bromide, Dodecyl bromide, and N-Dodecyl bromide. Some catalogs reference it as n-Bromododecane or 1-Dodecyl bromide. These alternate labels reflect the standard organic chemistry practice of highlighting chain length and the bromine's position on the terminal carbon. In regulatory paperwork and shipping documents, consistency in naming prevents confusion with other halogenated dodecanes and ensures both proper handling and accident response.

Safety & Operational Standards

Handling 1-Bromododecane means taking health and environmental risks seriously. It irritates skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, so gloves, goggles, and lab coats are a must. Well-ventilated hoods protect against inhaling harmful vapors during weighing or transfer. Disposal routes should align with national hazardous waste guidelines: collection in halogenated organic waste streams, never poured down the drain. Emergency protocols—eye wash stations, spill kits, and containment procedures—prevent small mishaps from escalating. Lab safety data sheets (SDS) guide staff on first aid and spill response, while facility audits look for up-to-date signage, training, and storage segregation.

Application Area

Engineers and chemists alike tap into 1-Bromododecane’s unique properties for solutions in surfactant manufacture, where it forms cationic surfactants used in disinfectants and fabric softeners. Its long alkyl chain brings water repellence and organic compatibility, making it a favored choice in specialty coatings. Research teams exploit its reactivity in synthesizing designer polymers, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural chemicals. It acts as a phase transfer agent in complex synthesis, supporting growth in custom molecule production. Surface modification scientists depend on it to manipulate silicon wafer surfaces, changing everything from wetting to friction. Its versatility has secured a lasting place on lab shelves and shop floors.

Research & Development

Academic and commercial labs both continue probing new uses for 1-Bromododecane. Instrumental advances have streamlined reaction monitoring and purity assessment, supporting innovation in organic synthesis. Polymer scientists study how incorporating long-chain alkyl bromides tailors material flexibility, resistance, or compatibility in nanocomposite materials. In biological applications, conjugating the dodecyl group enhances drug carrier properties, improving cell entry or resistance to enzymatic breakdown. Every advance passes through rounds of toxicity assessment and performance testing, merging creative thinking with detailed data collection. Competition in chemical supply prompts continual tweaks to both process and product packaging, sometimes even sparking greener synthetic pathways to reduce environmental impact.

Toxicity Research

Toxicological studies point to moderate hazards associated with 1-Bromododecane. Its alkylating nature can sensitize skin, and inhaled vapors, especially in confined spaces, may provoke headaches or respiratory irritation. Animal testing shows dose-dependent liver and kidney effects after chronic exposure, bolstering calls for technical controls and exposure limits in the workplace. Researchers have identified its limited persistence in the environment, but accidental spills can disrupt aquatic systems due to slow degradation. Ongoing work tracks both acute hazards and long-term outcomes in real-world scenarios, pushing for ever-safer practices in both the lab and larger-scale industrial settings.

Future Prospects

As custom molecule development and advanced materials research power forward, the need for starter materials like 1-Bromododecane grows. Markets for tailored surfactants, smart coatings, and bio-active ingredients draw on its reactivity and chain length. Teams continue searching for new green chemistry approaches to make and use this compound, aiming for processes that produce less waste, use safer reagents, or rely on renewable feedstocks. New analytical tools minimize chemical use in process monitoring, raising safety and sustainability standards for the next generation of chemists and engineers. Where creative applications meet responsible handling, compounds like 1-Bromododecane will keep playing a valuable role in technical progress.



What is 1-Bromododecane used for?

Understanding this Chemical’s Purpose

1-Bromododecane doesn’t make headlines outside of science labs, but its impact runs quiet and deep in a few industries. This clear, oily liquid carries a heavy bromine atom at one end of a twelve-carbon chain. That simple swap gives it an important spot in synthetic work. Across chemical industries, many people rely on compounds like this to build things up or change one molecule into another. It’s hard for anyone to make complex chemistry tick without bridging blocks that behave in predictable ways and let scientists manipulate them for very specific tasks.

Building Blocks for Surfactants and Detergents

Surfactant chemistry often depends on these sorts of long-chain bromides. The length and structure let chemists make specialty molecules that sit between oil and water, breaking tension so soaps and cleaners lift dirt more easily. In my own time working with surfactants, chain length often solved mysteries when products felt greasy or took too long to rinse away. The twelve-carbon length in this one makes it a favorite for blending the right mix of cleaning and foaming action. It’s more than a laboratory curiosity; the way laundries remove stains or manufacturers design shampoos and hand soaps sometimes traces back to molecules like 1-bromododecane.

Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Uses

This chemical finds another calling in creating more complex molecules. It’s a flexible starting point for making ingredients in medicines or agrochemicals. Chemists can swap out the bromine for something else, planting new chemical groups right where needed. That technique makes it possible to fine-tune bioactive molecules, whether for blocking a pest or delivering a medicine. While most folks never see the intermediate steps, these transformations shape everything from fungicides to painkillers.

Material Science and Lubricants

In specialty plastics and lubricants, 1-bromododecane offers more than just a way to make molecules stick together. Its carbon chain brings flexibility without melting at body temperature, so it ends up in polymer research and high-performance greases. Some work I’ve seen relies on the molecule to make plastics softer or to add slipperiness to moving parts. Every small advantage counts when engineers want longer machine life and less friction.

Environmental and Safety Concerns

Like most halogenated organics, handling this compound calls for care. Direct exposure can irritate skin and eyes, and it’s not something to pour down the drain. Responsible disposal and wearing gloves in the lab stop small mistakes from becoming bigger headaches. In places where regulations don’t keep pace, there’s a risk that improper handling will affect water or soil. By using closed systems and collecting waste for proper treatment, industries can protect workers and avoid polluting their communities. Science moves forward not only by invention but also by learning how to keep our environment safe from chemical runoff and persistent compounds.

Moving Forward with Smarter Chemistry

Researchers keep searching for alternatives to brominated substances that do their job with less impact. Green chemistry points to shorter synthesis steps and milder conditions, with less hazardous waste. Some labs explore sulfur or iodine versions, or try to skip heavy atoms altogether. These shifts don’t reach the market overnight, but pressure from society, safer manufacturing methods, and stronger regulation could bring cleaner options in the next decade.

What is the molecular formula of 1-Bromododecane?

Getting Familiar with 1-Bromododecane

1-Bromododecane pops up in labs and industries every so often, sometimes called dodecyl bromide. Its chemical layout might seem unremarkable—just a dozen carbon atoms strung together, finished off with a bromine at one end. Underneath, it’s doing real work: serving as an intermediate in organic synthesis, helping to introduce long hydrocarbon chains into molecules, and supporting surfactant and specialty chemical production.

The Actual Formula: Breaking It Down

Count the carbons: twelve. Pack the hydrogens on: twenty-five. Tack the bromine on the head: one. The molecular formula stands as C12H25Br. It’s straightforward but points to a big idea in how chemistry uses structure to tackle real-world problems.

Why Formulas Like This Stick

Some folks, flipping through textbooks, wonder why anyone cares so much about getting a formula like this exactly right. It matters every day in a synthetic chemistry lab. Order a bottle of “bromododecane,” and you want C12H25Br and nothing else. Confusing the number of carbons or misplacing the bromine can set a project back days or weeks. In an industrial setting, unwanted variations can mess up product quality. I’ve seen groups waste hundreds of dollars all on a mix-up like this.

1-Bromododecane in the Real World

This compound doesn’t sit in a bottle gathering dust—people use it to shift properties in everything from plastics to detergents. In surfactant chemistry, the long dodecyl tail helps molecules line up at oil-water interfaces, making cleaning more effective. Some researchers lean on it to make custom organic molecules, especially where introducing a sturdy carbon chain builds up hydrophobicity or alters solubility. Pharmaceutical giants sometimes even use it in early-stage syntheses when crafting new drug precursors that need extra length or reactivity.

Handling It With Some Respect

The bromine in 1-Bromododecane isn’t just for show. Its reactivity brings real safety concerns to the table. Prolonged exposure—skin, air, or even down the drain—can carry risks. Changing facilities and researchers have to consider suitable ventilation and safe disposal. Regulatory bodies keep close tabs on halogenated organics for this reason. I’ve watched as university chemists shifted storage practices simply to keep contaminants out of the waste stream after using 1-Bromododecane. Responsible handling isn’t just a nod to rules but a real-world way to avoid headaches.

Steps Toward Safer, Smarter Chemical Use

Good chemistry starts with knowing your compounds inside and out. Relying on standard sheets, double-checking labels, and sticking to trusted suppliers lessens the odds of error. Green chemistry efforts work to replace halogenated reagents where possible, but for some jobs, there’s just no substitute for the molecular structure and reactivity that C12H25Br brings to the bench.

Shared Knowledge Helps Science Move Forward

Learning the details of formulas like this may seem tedious, maybe even repetitive, yet the discipline pays off. Teams get products that work, processes flow safely, and researchers keep their sights set on progress. C12H25Br isn’t just a string of letters and numbers—it’s a linchpin for recent advances in material science, synthesis, and more.

How should 1-Bromododecane be stored?

The Basics Behind Safe Storage

Ask any chemist who has lifted a bottle of 1-Bromododecane and they'll tell you: you don't get casual with chemicals, even with the ones that look and pour like any grocery store oil. 1-Bromododecane, often used in organic synthesis or as a building block in surfactant production, carries a set of risks that demand respect and, mostly, some common-sense storage practices.

Why Conditions Matter

Most mishaps in small labs and classrooms sneak up quietly—a forgotten solvent, a container left in the sun, or a spill that goes uncleaned. While 1-Bromododecane isn't explosive, mistakes can bring headaches nobody wants. Left out in open air, its volatility creeps up under the radar, slowly releasing vapors that can irritate eyes and skin or add to the chemical load in the lab’s air. Skin contact is easy to overlook with its oily texture, but irritation or more serious exposure creeps in through the tiniest slipups.

Keeping the material in tightly sealed bottles, tucked far from sunlight and heat sources, makes all the difference. Glass containers with ground glass stoppers work well for this liquid. Light, especially ultraviolet, may speed up decomposition or formation of off-products that weren't on your safety data sheet. I've seen half-used bottles, capped loosely, leave a residue on shelves that needs strong solvent scrubbing to clean up. Contamination from poor storage builds risks over time: trace moisture, dust, and lingering residues all find their way in if you cut corners.

Ventilation and Labeling Aren’t Optional

Every shelf, fridge, or cabinet where chemicals live fights a battle against cross-contamination and accidental mixing. 1-Bromododecane belongs isolated from strong oxidizers, acids, and sensitive labware. "Remote from oxidizers" isn't just a Safety Officer’s chant. Heat or a spill that introduces a strong oxidizer can trigger dangerous reactions. Building good habits means not squeezing bottles into crowded fridges or stacking them carelessly.

Proper labeling turns a jumble of bottles into a manageable system. I've seen the panic on someone's face after realizing they added an unknown halide to a reaction, all because the bottle label peeled off. Always check for legible, sturdy chemical labels, showing the content, hazard statements, and date of opening. Outdated chemicals, or anything without a clear label, deserve prompt disposal.

Eye on Emergency Preparedness

If there's any doubt about risk, preparing a spill kit before anything happens makes all the difference. Absorbent pads, chemical-resistant gloves, and access to fresh air should always be nearby. 1-Bromododecane may not race to ignite, but in case of fire, standard extinguishers rated for chemical use have saved more than one lab. Don't reach for a water bucket—get the right gear and keep exits clear.

Learning from Past Mistakes

Most trouble starts with carelessness. During my time managing shared laboratory spaces, workers tended to ignore solvents they'd used for years—until leaks or unknown vapors appeared. Constant vigilance and regular inventory checks cut down on these surprises. Reports from chemical safety audits back up this experience: clear policies and regular walkthroughs keep everyone safer.

Storing 1-Bromododecane safely isn’t a high-tech affair. It’s really about clean habits, respect for the chemical’s quirks, and planning for every “what if.” Everyone shares responsibility, from students to supervisors. Small steps—tight seals, careful storage, sharp eyes—protect not just the experiment, but the people running it.

Is 1-Bromododecane hazardous to health?

Understanding 1-Bromododecane

1-Bromododecane crops up in a lot of labs and industrial spaces. You’ll spot it in organic synthesis, or maybe in the production of surfactants and specialty chemicals. The name sounds complicated, but the main concern boils down to what it can do to people who work near it or use it for chemical experiments.

What Science Says About Risks

1-Bromododecane is not as famous as some industrial chemicals, but it raises eyebrows, especially among chemical workers, students, and safety managers. Direct skin contact often leads to irritation. If you catch a whiff of its vapors, there’s a risk of headaches or dizziness, especially with poor ventilation. The bigger problem shows up with repeated contact—dermatitis may follow, and throat or lung irritation isn’t off the table if inhaled for long periods.

Lab reports point out that brominated compounds can pile up in the environment and enter food chains. Once inside animal or human bodies, these chemicals may stick around longer than expected. Though long-term human studies on 1-bromododecane remain rare, research on similar brominated compounds shows liver stress and hormone disruption after heavy exposure.

Why This Matters

People working daily around chemicals rarely get enough credit for their patience and attention to safety details. My time in research labs left me with regular safety briefings, chemical labels, thick gloves, and the sting of solvents if you weren’t careful. With 1-bromododecane, even small spills can irritate bare skin or eyes—this rings true for anyone handling glassware or cleaning up accidents.

The trouble comes from underestimating risks. PPE gets uncomfortable, and shortcuts look tempting during rush jobs. Ignoring symptoms doesn’t pay off, especially when daily exposures add up.

Facts Worth Knowing

Studies on rodents exposed to similar brominated compounds showed toxic effects at high doses. There’s no smoking gun linking 1-bromododecane to cancer in humans so far, but the lack of data isn’t proof of safety. Regulators in places like the EU and US classify it as an irritant. Still, they set workplace exposure limits based on current knowledge, not guarantees about chronic risks.

Accidents go beyond burns: Improper ventilation leads to chemical clouds, and once they hit skin or eyes, the damage follows right away. For folks with underlying allergies or respiratory issues, even smaller doses can trigger reactions.

Reducing Harm in Real Life

There’s no replacement for gloves, protective clothing, and face masks. Chemical users should keep eyewash stations and emergency showers in easy reach. A big part of the solution involves culture—supervisors and coworkers calling out sloppy practices, regular checks on gear, and clear labeling.

On a personal level, washing up after handling chemicals matters. Taking tiny exposures seriously saves plenty of suffering. Investing in good ventilation and safety training sends the clear message that worker health comes first.

Researchers and regulators need fresh data on long-term effects, exploring possible links to hormone disruption and chronic illnesses. Consumers and downstream buyers deserve transparency about possible exposure and what safety measures producers put into place.

What are the physical properties of 1-Bromododecane?

Molecular Features

1-Bromododecane stands out for its simple, unbranched structure. Its chemical formula is C12H25Br, which means you get a chain of twelve carbon atoms capped with a bromine atom at one end. You find a blend of traits from both the bromine atom and the long, waxy hydrocarbon tail.

Appearance and Basic Data

In its pure form, this compound comes as a colorless, oily liquid. Pick up a bottle and you’ll notice it’s heavier than water. Its molecular weight lands around 249 grams per mole, which helps explain its substantial feel. You won’t find much of a scent; it’s more or less odorless to the average nose.

Boiling and Melting Points

Anyone who’s had to distill or purify this substance knows it boils at roughly 281-283°C. On the cold side, it freezes up at about -3°C. These temperature points matter for storage and handling, especially for labs that run reactions at high heat or need solvents that stay liquid in chilly environments.

Density, Solubility, and Viscosity

Pour some 1-Bromododecane into a graduated cylinder: you’ll see a density of about 1.02 grams per cubic centimeter at room temperature. That’s just above water, so it doesn’t float away. But try to mix it with water and the two don’t get along—its solubility in water is almost zero. Instead, it prefers organic solvents like chloroform or ether, where it dissolves easily.

The liquid flows slowly compared to everyday solvents—think light motor oil, not rubbing alcohol. That sluggishness reflects its long carbon chain and the presence of bromine, both contributing to a higher viscosity.

Reactivity and Stability

Chemically, bromides like this one pack a punch. 1-Bromododecane holds up well under normal conditions—sunlight or air won’t break it down quickly. Still, the bromine atom brings reactivity that makes it valuable for industry and research. Synthetic chemists use these properties to swap out the bromine for other groups, building molecules for flavors, fragrances, and specialty materials.

Handling and Safety Considerations

My own experience in the lab taught me that oily bromides pose both a handling challenge and a safety reminder. You want gloves and eye protection because even though the liquid feels mild, brominated organics can irritate the skin or worse if mishandled. Their persistence means you won’t just wash them away with water.

Why Physical Properties Matter

Understanding these data points—boiling point, density, solubility—really pays off in day-to-day work. Boiling points guide purification methods like distillation. Density impacts separation in liquid-liquid extractions. Poor water solubility means you need the right solvents for clean-up and reaction set-up. Its tendency to linger on glassware often makes cleanup a chore for chemists, which calls for plenty of soap and solvent.

These traits make 1-Bromododecane a go-to choice in research and some manufacturing sectors. Thoughtful use of its properties leads to safer, smoother processes and cleaner final products. Keeping this in mind saves time, money, and a lot of elbow grease in any lab or plant that works with organic building blocks.

1-Bromododecane
1-Bromododecane
1-Bromododecane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name 1-bromododecane
Other names Dodecyl bromide
Lauryl bromide
n-Dodecyl bromide
Pronunciation /ˈwaɪˌbroʊ.moʊ.doʊˈdeɪn/
Identifiers
CAS Number 112-89-0
Beilstein Reference 1636943
ChEBI CHEBI:36464
ChEMBL CHEMBL227094
ChemSpider 16044
DrugBank DB14117
ECHA InfoCard 03a386496fd4-41ae-9a1d-0e16bb8e7bcd
EC Number 203-927-8
Gmelin Reference 83396
KEGG C01782
MeSH D001943
PubChem CID 8122
RTECS number UC7875000
UNII V875F2UV3S
UN number UN1993
Properties
Chemical formula C12H25Br
Molar mass 335.37 g/mol
Appearance Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor pleasant
Density 1.006 g/mL at 25 °C
Solubility in water Insoluble
log P 6.3
Vapor pressure 0.001 mmHg (25 °C)
Acidity (pKa) Acidity (pKa) of 1-Bromododecane: 50
Basicity (pKb) 14.90
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -65.0e-6 cm³/mol
Refractive index (nD) nD 1.451
Viscosity 4.336 cP (25°C)
Dipole moment 2.59 D
Thermochemistry
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) 565.5 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) -252.9 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) -7448.7 kJ/mol
Hazards
Main hazards Harmful if swallowed. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
GHS labelling GHS02, GHS07
Pictograms GHS06, GHS08
Signal word Warning
Hazard statements H315, H319, H335
Precautionary statements Precautionary statements: P210, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P304+P340, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P235, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 1-1-0
Flash point 107 °C
Autoignition temperature 170 °C
Lethal dose or concentration LD50 (oral, rat): 7300 mg/kg
LD50 (median dose) LD50 (median dose): Oral rat LD50 = 3 g/kg
NIOSH CA9450000
REL (Recommended) 300 mg
Related compounds
Related compounds 1-Bromodecane
1-Bromoundecane
1-Bromotetradecane
1-Bromooctadecane
1-Iodododecane
1-Chlorododecane
Dodecane