1,5-Dichloropentane: A Detailed Commentary on an Understated Chemical
Historical Development
Looking back, 1,5-Dichloropentane’s journey began decades ago as chemists looked for chain-extended alkyl chlorides. This compound attracted attention in the 20th century due to its straightforward production and unique role as an intermediate. Research journals from the postwar period show organic chemists tinkering with pentane derivatives for the creation of new polymers and agricultural agents. This curiosity wasn’t just academic; manufacturers sought alternatives to more volatile or costlier chlorinated solvents and feedstock chemicals. Early technical bulletins, long before the internet, floated its value in specialty syntheses, and with the expansion of the chemical sector in the 1960s and 70s, the demand for practical and scalable dichloroalkanes grew. From early patent filings to wider industrial uptake, the story of 1,5-Dichloropentane tracks with broader shifts toward complex custom molecules—especially as synthetic rubber and specialty plastics asked for new backbone materials.
Product Overview
Used primarily as an intermediate, 1,5-Dichloropentane often finds its way into the lab as a clear, slightly viscous liquid with a piercing, faintly sweet odor that speaks to its chlorinated roots. I remember cracking open a fresh chem supply bottle and catching that distinctive whiff—chlorinated organics never sneak by unnoticed. Many companies offer this compound as a pure reagent for research, but bigger buyers look for drum-scale batches that go straight into polymerization or fine chemical syntheses. It tends to land on the shelf beside related alpha-omega dichlorides, the go-to monomers and linkers for cyclization, cross-linking, or substitution reactions.
Physical and Chemical Properties
This molecule’s structure—an unbranched five-carbon chain with chlorine atoms at carbons 1 and 5—yields unique properties. It’s denser than water, weighing in at about 1.08-1.1 g/cm³, and boils around 210°C, which makes it less volatile than many similar small chlorinated alkanes. Its relatively high boiling point, low vapor pressure, and moderate water insolubility create handling advantages in the lab, especially when compared to more mobile, lower-molecular analogs like dichloroethane. Both nonpolarity from the hydrocarbon backbone and reactivity from the terminal chlorines matter in synthesis. The reactivity profile—a preference for nucleophilic substitution at the terminal positions, some susceptibility to elimination under strong base—gives organic chemists a useful lever for building tailored molecules.
Technical Specifications and Labeling
Most suppliers specify high purity levels, often above 98%, backed by gas chromatograph or NMR validation. The best bottles I’ve ordered came with clear labeling on batch number, production date, and recommended storage—cool, dry, tightly sealed. Hazard labeling marks out the compound’s flammability and toxicity, emphasizing the need for gloves and eye protection in any handling. Shipping and packaging follow international transport regulations for hazardous materials, a must when the molecule crosses borders or passes through customs clearance. Regulatory info and COAs arrive with the drums or bottles, reflecting updated classification under REACH and GHS systems. The handling guidelines call for well-ventilated areas, strict inventory control, and safe disposal as halogenated waste, reflecting both operational caution and environmental regulation.
Preparation Method
Industrial-scale synthesis of 1,5-Dichloropentane usually starts with 1,5-pentanediol or pentane itself. One standard lab method involves the controlled reaction of 1,5-pentanediol with thionyl chloride, yielding the dichloride along with sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride gases—both hazardous byproducts that demand careful ventilation. Some plants move from pentene intermediates by selective chlorination, controlling conditions to favor terminal substitution. My own experience in student days involved messy batch glassware and the persistent need for scrubbing neutralization traps. Purification runs through distillation, stripping low-boiling impurities and collecting fractions on temperature control. As environmental regulators scrutinize chlorinated process byproducts and emissions, producers lean more on recovery scrubbers and closed-loop flows, seeking to cut chlorinated organic exposure in both plant and downstream waste.
Chemical Reactions and Modifications
Few chemicals illustrate the value of bifunctionality like 1,5-Dichloropentane does. Each terminal chlorine atom offers a handle for different substitution reactions. Introducing sodium cyanide swaps out the chlorines for nitriles, which convert to carboxylic acids or amines in further steps, paving the route to glutaric acid or putrescine. The chlorines also serve as leaving groups in Williamson ether synthesis, giving access to pentamethylene bridges in polymer chains or cyclic ethers after intramolecular closure. Base-induced elimination reactions can produce pentadienes, which play a role in organic electronics or fragrance chemistry. The compound even acts as a linker in macrocycle construction, setting the backbone for host-guest chemistry research. Each reaction type pushes the limits of what fine-tuned organic synthesis can do, turning a simple dichloride into an adaptable scaffold for far-flung specialties in science and industry.
Synonyms and Product Names
This molecule often wears more than one name on supplier lists. “Pentamethylene dichloride,” “1,5-dichloropentane,” and “pentane-1,5-diyl dichloride” all point to the same chemical. Catalogs from different regions might swap nomenclature styles, but the CAS number 111-18-2 gives clarity for buyers worldwide. Names reflect both IUPAC clarity and old-school conventions, and I’ve seen plenty of local-language variants in global trade documents and safety sheets.
Safety and Operational Standards
Working with 1,5-Dichloropentane means putting health and safety procedures front and center. Chlorinated hydrocarbons remind me to keep proper lab ventilation running, PPE on, and to never assume low volatility means low hazard. Contact with skin or eyes can produce irritation, and accidental inhalation of vapors sometimes brings dizziness or headaches. Regulatory stew covers everything from OSHA hazard communications to global GHS pictograms. Labs lock up bulk containers and avoid open transfers. Quality assurance officers track shipments under strict chain-of-custody rules. Waste handling sticks to hazardous protocols, sending spent material to licensed incinerators or dedicated chemical processors, not down the drain. This field’s push for sustainability now asks for greener alternatives and cleaner routes of synthesis, a tall order for a molecule built on chlorinated chemistry.
Application Area
Most of the demand for this chemical comes from the need for robust and versatile intermediates in organic synthesis. It fills a key role in making specialty polymers and cross-linked systems, where the length and reactivity of the carbon chain determine strength and elasticity. Pharmaceutical R&D teams use it for multi-step builds, creating complex prescription actives or research probes. Agrochemical developers rely on it as a linker or as a stepping stone to more complex plant protectants. It steps in for macrocyclization projects, bridging gaps other linkers can’t quite manage. Electronics manufacturers eye modified derivatives for use in dielectric fluids or specialty coatings, counting on both chemical resistance and manageable volatility. My work with formulation chemists showed that specialty resins and high-performance adhesives sometimes rely on chain-extended dichlorides like this one. The chemical’s footprint stretches wide, though its everyday use hides inside broader processes.
Research and Development
Lab researchers push to refine the synthesis, cut back on problematic byproducts, and run computational models to map out new transformations. Green chemistry teams search for milder chlorination methods and better waste management. Some journals follow the lifecycle of dichloride derivatives as they move through organic synthesis to advanced materials—new solvents, catalysts, and medical imaging agents. As regulations grow tighter, academic groups and startups chase less-toxic and more sustainable routes, snapping up grants for pilot testing and scale-up trials. E-E-A-T shines through here as experience-driven researchers with a background in applied chemistry collaborate with up-and-coming scientists specializing in environmental management, while policy voices weigh in with cross-disciplinary insight. Advances here ripple out, affecting supply chains from raw chlorinated feedstocks to high-value specialty monomers.
Toxicity Research
Toxicologists study this chemical’s potential for skin irritation, organ toxicity, and chronic effects in animal models, noting moderate acute toxicity similar to related chlorinated solvents. Regulatory agencies categorize it as hazardous, but not among the most acutely dangerous. The central concern is its potential to cause harm through inhalation or prolonged skin contact, with some research suggesting possible liver or kidney effects after heavy or repeated exposure. Chronic low-level exposure in industrial workers prompts ongoing occupational health studies, and regulatory authorities continue to set tight workplace exposure limits. Environmental toxicologists focus on its persistence in soil and water, highlighting the need for robust containment and responsible disposal practices. The field moves toward even stricter environmental standards, demanding that manufacturers develop cleaner processes and more effective abatement strategies to protect both workers and the broader ecosystem.
Future Prospects
Future innovation depends on whether researchers and producers can meet the rising demand for safer, greener chemicals without losing performance. This dichloropentane’s versatility as a synthetic intermediate secures its place in R&D pipelines, but rising environmental and worker safety standards could push companies to consider alternative linkers and non-chlorinated building blocks if regulatory pressure tightens. Engineers and chemists continue to scan for processes with lower energy footprints and waste generation. Industry watchers predict steady if modest growth, especially in specialty markets where custom backbones still matter. Radical change may come only with fresh breakthroughs in green chemistry, but the strong connection to existing manufacturing routes and product formulations means 1,5-Dichloropentane will likely stick around, at least for the medium term. For those of us working in the field, balancing utility with mounting safety and sustainability requirements will shape every decision, from lab bench to production line.
What Sets 1,5-Dichloropentane Apart?
1,5-Dichloropentane doesn’t roll off the tongue. In everyday conversation, not many people talk about it. Yet, in certain laboratories and factories, it quietly keeps work moving forward. This chemical compound, known for its two chlorine atoms attached to a five-carbon chain, isn’t something found on a grocery store shelf. Chemists and engineers seek out 1,5-Dichloropentane when they need a reliable starting material for making larger, more complex molecules.
I remember my own time in the lab, watching my supervisor add a colorless liquid to a round-bottom flask. Later, I learned it was 1,5-Dichloropentane — chosen not for its popularity, but for its ability to set off just the right reaction. It’s not one of those catch-all solvents or everyday cleaning chemicals. Its true value shows up behind the scenes, acting as the backbone for other products.
The Main Uses: Building Blocks for Bigger Molecules
Most find 1,5-Dichloropentane in organic synthesis, serving as a building block for pharmaceutical intermediates and fine chemicals. Teams use it to create compounds with ring structures, especially nitrogen-containing molecules called piperidines. Piperidines, in turn, give life to a wide range of drugs, from muscle relaxants to treatments for neurological conditions.
Companies making certain pesticides and rubber additives also turn to 1,5-Dichloropentane during early production stages. Its chain structure makes it a practical choice for adding just the right number of carbon atoms to a new molecule. Because it brings along two chlorine "handles," it easily reacts with other chemicals, letting scientists swap out those groups for almost anything they need.
Handling Safety and Health Concerns
Workers in research labs and manufacturing plants respect this compound because it carries health and safety risks. Chlorinated solvents like 1,5-Dichloropentane often give off fumes that can irritate the lungs and skin. The EPA keeps a close watch on these types of chemicals, tracking possible effects on human health and the environment. Personal experience taught me that no one in the lab opens a bottle of this stuff without gloves, goggles, and working ventilation nearby.
Rates of accidental exposure remain rare, but each report reminds the scientific community about the need for ongoing safety training. Safe storage and disposal take priority, not as an afterthought, but as a way to protect people and local water supplies.
Tackling Environmental Impact and Looking for Alternatives
Many chemical companies have shifted toward greener practices over the past decade. They look for reaction paths that swap out chlorinated solvents for safer choices. Some universities and start-ups have launched projects to design new molecules that do the job with less environmental baggage. The push goes beyond just swapping out a single compound — it’s about rethinking the whole way chemistry gets done.
Cleaner technology, better air controls, and smarter waste treatment can shrink the environmental footprint. In the long run, collaboration between industry, regulators, and researchers sets a path toward safer and more sustainable chemical manufacturing. 1,5-Dichloropentane will stick around for a while, thanks to its unique chemical strengths, but its future depends on how willing we are to improve on old habits.
Getting to Know the Risks
I’ve spent years around chemicals like 1,5-Dichloropentane, so I know how easy it is to overlook the fundamentals until something goes wrong. This compound isn’t just another solvent—its vapors and liquid can cause serious harm to your health. Contact with skin leads to irritation and redness; inhaling fumes affects the lungs and nervous system. In case any gets in your eyes, you risk eye burns. The safety data comes straight from organizations like the CDC and NIOSH. If you ever spill some or breathe it in without protection, the effects get very real, very fast.
Practical Steps: Personal Protective Equipment
I never trust luck alone, so I always suit up before working with 1,5-Dichloropentane. Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile does well), splash-proof goggles, and a lab coat form my usual setup. Many skip face protection, but one splash in the face is enough to learn that lesson the painful way. Instead of cheap cotton gloves, pick high-quality ones—the cost saves you on hospital bills later.
Air Circulation Means Everything
Fresh air isn’t just about comfort in the lab. 1,5-Dichloropentane doesn’t have a strong odor, so you can’t count on your nose to warn you. I always use a certified chemical fume hood. Opening windows won’t cut it. Local exhaust ventilation helps block exposure at the source, in line with guidelines from OSHA and the EPA. Breathing unchecked vapors causes coughing or dizziness, and long-term exposure raises the risk of liver and kidney problems.
Storage and Transport: Secure from Start to Finish
I never forget the security piece—keeping 1,5-Dichloropentane safe between uses pledges peace of mind. Store this chemical in a cool, dry cabinet away from sunlight. Heat triggers decomposition, and you don’t want unexpected fumes filling the space. Sturdy, sealed containers made of compatible materials keep leaks in check. A spill on the shelf today can become tomorrow’s emergency.
Plan for Spills—Not If, but When
Spills catch everyone off guard at some point. Quick thinking and having supplies nearby matters. I keep absorbent pads, a chemical-resistant apron, and a respirator mask within arm’s reach. Once, a colleague knocked over a flask, and it spread across the counter toward a heat source. Luckily, we had a plan: we ventilated the space, soaked up the liquid with pads, and disposed of everything in marked hazardous waste bins. No one got hurt, but only because we acted fast and knew the protocol.
Responsibility: Training and Vigilance
After all the procedures and gear, experience counts, and so does encouraging others to care as much. I run through emergency procedures with new team members and remind everyone that shortcuts cause accidents. Regulatory groups, like the EPA and OSHA, stress ongoing training and personal responsibility. Chemists and lab techs owe it to themselves and their coworkers.
Better Solutions, Healthier Workplaces
For those looking to lower their risk, switching to less hazardous chemicals or using automation can shield people from exposure. Consulting with occupational safety professionals helps tailor the safest setup for your work. Putting protection before convenience pays off in health and peace of mind.
The Chemistry Behind 1,5-Dichloropentane
Digging into organic chemistry, 1,5-dichloropentane shows up with a simple yet revealing chemical formula: C5H10Cl2. Its name already drops clues about its backbone. Take a five-carbon straight chain—pentane. Place chlorine atoms at both ends, attaching one to the first carbon and another to the fifth. The chemical structure looks like this: Cl-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-Cl.
Picture a carbon chain as a flexible string. The two chlorines anchoring both ends make this substance valuable. It’s not just about the arrangement; the presence of these chlorines kick-starts reactivity. Each carbon in between holds two hydrogens, untouched, but those at the tips swap a hydrogen for chlorine.
Why 1,5-Dichloropentane Holds Importance Beyond the Lab Bench
Industries lean on compounds like 1,5-dichloropentane for synthesis. Manufacturers use it to build more complex molecules. Those chlorines act as leaving groups, so in organic reactions, they easily get replaced by pieces like amino groups or oxygen-based appendages. Toss this compound into a reaction with a nucleophile, and suddenly you’ve got something new—maybe part of a pharmaceutical or a building block for specialty polymers.
Anyone with hands-on chemical experience knows that ordinary solvents don’t cut it for tough jobs. 1,5-Dichloropentane steps up. Its structure gives it resistance to water and some solvents, letting it dissolve certain materials stubborn to dissolve in water. This makes it valuable in process chemistry—an area that’s as much about getting pure results as it is about safety or cost.
Safety and Environmental Considerations
Chlorinated hydrocarbons raise red flags in environmental and health discussions. Handling them needs real understanding. Chlorine's presence adds fire risk and toxicity. Breathing vapors or spilling it in open spaces poses hazards. Science backs this with plenty of peer-reviewed studies—chlorinated chains, if misused, persist in groundwater and can cause lasting issues.
From my own time in the lab, we always doubled up on gloves and checked fume hoods before cracking open bottles like this. Chemical stewardship isn’t just a rule—it’s the backbone of reputation and safety. Any misstep risks more than regulatory slapdowns; groundwater pollution or workplace health claims can ripple far past the lab.
Shaping Better Practices for the Industry
Solutions don’t hide in fancy gear. Better education, smarter handling, and improved disposal drive change. Chemists now prioritize greener alternatives. Green chemistry pushes for non-chlorinated substitutes or efficient recycling of halogenated waste. Regulations have teeth, but daily routines change culture. I’ve watched teams design reactions to skip chlorines where possible, swapping in new catalysts for cleaner outcomes.
1,5-Dichloropentane stands as a tool rather than a villain or savior. Its casings—chlorine at each end—mark its use and risk. Experience in the lab always taught me: respect the reactivity and examine alternatives. The change starts with smaller choices—choosing safer routes, investing in research for substitutes, and reinforcing safe chemical management. Real value emerges when everyone from the synthesis bench to the boardroom commits to safer, cleaner strategies.
Why Attention Matters
Chemical storage often sounds like a back-office task, but I’ve seen firsthand how much rides on staying careful—especially with substances like 1,5-Dichloropentane. This compound serves as a useful intermediate in making pharmaceuticals and other specialty chemicals, but anyone handling it can tell you: the risks aren’t just theoretical. Its vapors irritate eyes, nose, and throat, while long-term exposures can squeeze bigger health problems into the picture. Regulators in the US and Europe flag it for a reason. Safety isn’t a checklist; it’s a daily reality that keeps people out of the ER.
Key Storage Practices from the Field
Most chemical storage blunders don’t happen because people are lazy—they pop up because someone underestimates the odds or tries to cut corners in a stuffy storeroom. The basics matter: 1,5-Dichloropentane needs a dry, well-ventilated place away from any source of ignition. At one plant, an old ventilation fan stopped during a heat wave and no one caught it for days. The result? Stubborn headaches among staff. Open flames and hot equipment spell major trouble, so isolating this liquid from electrical rooms ranks as step one.
Sealing containers tight stops vapor leaks, which not only protect workers but also keep the company inside green zone air limits. Do not trust flimsy plastic bottles—robust steel drums or chemical-resistant HDPE containers offer a tight seal and strength. Shelf labels help but can’t prevent chemical confusion. Segregating 1,5-Dichloropentane from oxidizers, acids, or bases cuts down on the chance of a nasty reaction. I’ve watched a careless mix-up lead to a quick evacuation and fingers pointed in every direction. People regret shortcuts.
Personal Protective Equipment and Spill Prep
No container works forever. Spills happen, often due to hurried hands or rusty closures. Absorbent mats and chemical spill kits should wait just outside the storage area. Gloves, goggles, and splash aprons see frequent use—nobody walks into that room in shorts and sandals. Safety showers and eyewash stations need to sit within a sprint’s reach. Every employee’s training plays a bigger part than any building spec—no one fumbles through a crisis if drills run often.
Temperature, Records, and Legal Side
Leaning too hard on a corner of a crowded chemical rack once led to a fractured drum. That mistake showed me that precise stacking saves money and headaches. Temperatures above room level spark a slow parade of evaporation, pushing vapors into the workspace and outside. Storing below 25°C, within locked cabinets, blocks off both theft and excess heat.
Regulators won’t give a free pass either. Keeping inventory logs and safety data sheets current helps during any audit or inspection. Workers should never sort through rows of chemicals, hunting for a faded label, especially during a leak. Local fire departments benefit from a clear floor plan and honest disclosure about everything stored. In serious accidents, good records have kept penalties lower and fixed trust issues with regulators.
The Role of Ongoing Vigilance
Chemical safety does not reward mindless compliance. Each company wins by carving actual time for inspection, equipment checks, and cleaning. I’ve sat through investigations where a single mislabeled bottle led to hours of disruption or worse. In the end, safely storing 1,5-Dichloropentane calls for respect—something workers and neighbors soon recognize if real effort shows every day.
Understanding 1,5-Dichloropentane and Its Risks
Not many folks have heard of 1,5-dichloropentane. It’s a chemical used mostly in making other chemicals, and sometimes in rubber or plastic work. Out in the world, you won’t walk into it on the street, but it sometimes turns up in workplaces where chemical solvents or specialty manufacturing happen. Those who handle or work near it should pay close attention to what this colorless liquid can do.
Negative Effects on the Body
Breathing in the vapors or getting the liquid on bare skin usually causes irritation pretty fast. At first, symptoms look like a common skin rash or red eyes, but with more exposure, people complain of headaches, dizziness, and feeling sick to the stomach. At high concentrations, these symptoms ramp up and can take a dangerous turn, affecting the nervous system or even causing blackouts. Touching it daily—without gloves or safety gear—increases the risk of lasting skin problems, like chemical burns or dermatitis.
Chemical fumes are no joke. Inhaling compounds like 1,5-dichloropentane day in and day out ends up doing a number on your lungs, and over the years, this sort of routine exposure raises the odds of developing breathing trouble or chronic respiratory disease. There’s a bigger risk if you already suffer from asthma or similar conditions. Factories and labs should really invest in good ventilation systems and not leave these protections as an afterthought.
Prospects for Toxicity and Long-Term Damage
Few long-term studies track what 1,5-dichloropentane does to people over decades, but data from closely related chemicals show a pattern: continued contact isn’t just annoying in the short-term. The liver and kidneys—those organs busy scrubbing our blood—pick up lasting damage from many chlorinated solvents. I remember chatting with an old co-worker from my factory days who ran into trouble with his liver, probably because for years he didn’t know about the hidden hazards in some solvents. The fact these chemicals sneak into your body through both the skin and lungs makes it easy to rack up exposure before any symptoms get your attention.
Some animal tests hint at more serious issues, including possible carcinogenic effects, though proving this in humans takes years. Workers deserve to know that even if no warning label mentions cancer today, repeated contacts may show up as trouble much later.
Reducing the Dangers: Everyday Steps
Big improvements come from simple steps: using gloves that hold up against solvents, switching to lab coats or uniforms you never bring home, and making sure the air isn’t thick with fumes. Company leaders who invest in local exhaust hoods or even small improvements like well-placed fans cut down exposure for everyone. Training goes a long way, too. People need to recognize the smell, learn what to do if there’s a spill, and stay away from shortcuts that skip personal protective gear.
Supervisors and safety officers should press for regular monitoring—blood tests in workplaces with high exposure, or real-time air quality checks. Even in small shops or basic labs, regular reviews help spot leaks or bad habits before health problems set in. Anyone working with these chemicals should push for Material Safety Data Sheets, and check them for updates.
Real safety comes from a culture of awareness. Talking about chemical hazards, sharing real-life stories, and supporting one another keeps everyone honest and drives home the risks. Personal experience and spotty regulations should not stand in for solid health and safety practices.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 1,5-dichloropentane |
| Other names |
Pentamethylene chloride
Pentamethylene dichloride 1,5-Dichlorpentan NSC 401033 |
| Pronunciation | /ˌwʌn.faɪv.daɪˌklɔːr.oʊˈpɛn.teɪn/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 111-44-4 |
| Beilstein Reference | 1209240 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:17552 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL20035 |
| ChemSpider | 10919 |
| DrugBank | DB14006 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03f819cd-50ef-4a1f-8e08-66d9e69a83ae |
| EC Number | 203-937-1 |
| Gmelin Reference | 83268 |
| KEGG | C04241 |
| MeSH | D003990 |
| PubChem CID | 12016 |
| RTECS number | SY8575000 |
| UNII | VW9641DUR7 |
| UN number | UN1992 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C5H10Cl2 |
| Molar mass | 155.04 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Mild sweet odor |
| Density | 1.09 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| log P | 2.85 |
| Vapor pressure | 1.3 mmHg (25 °C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 14.58 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -7.52 × 10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.4440 |
| Viscosity | 2.412 cP (25°C) |
| Dipole moment | 2.20 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 309.1 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -168.6 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -3347.7 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302, H315, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P261, P280, P301+P312, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P405, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 2-2-0 |
| Flash point | 69 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 215 °C |
| Explosive limits | 5–7% |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD₅₀ (oral, rat): 2,700 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): 775 mg/kg (oral, rat) |
| NIOSH | SN4260000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.1 ppm (skin) |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | 300 ppm |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
1,3-Dichloropropane
1,4-Dichlorobutane 1,6-Dichlorohexane 1,5-Dibromopentane 1-Chloropentane |
