1,2-Dibromobenzene: A Deep Dive into Its Role and Importance
Historical Development
Chemists first synthesized 1,2-dibromobenzene in the 19th century during the growing years of organic chemistry. Back then, the ability to add halogens to benzene marked a leap in understanding aromatic substitution. Researchers experimented with different types of halogens and substitution patterns, seeking both to map chemical reactivity and to produce new compounds for dyes, medicines, and rubber processing. Methods for preparation and purification improved as industrial demand rose, leading to protocols reliable enough for large-scale use. Early work laid down some of the basic routes — controlled bromination of benzene derivatives — that still underpin today’s manufacturing. Interest grew with the petrochemical boom as brominated aromatics found their way into a host of industrial and consumer products.
Product Overview
1,2-Dibromobenzene goes by several names, including ortho-dibromobenzene and o-dibromobenzene. Chemically, the structure consists of a benzene ring with two bromine atoms at adjacent carbon positions. This simple change transforms the reactivity of benzene, creating a platform that helps build larger, complex molecules found in pharmaceuticals, electronic materials, and specialty polymers. The product usually appears as a colorless to pale yellow liquid, noticeable by its sharp aromatic smell. Laboratories, specialty chemical producers, and research groups often store and label it under different codes and synonyms, but the core value lies in its high reactivity and clean substitution pattern.
Physical & Chemical Properties
1,2-Dibromobenzene features a molecular weight of about 235.9 g/mol. It melts around 21°C and boils at 221°C, properties that make it liquid at room temperature yet stable at higher process temperatures. Compared to other aromatics, its density is higher due to the twin bromine atoms; it comes in at about 1.98 g/cm³ at 20°C. The compound shows low solubility in water but dissolves readily in most common organic solvents, such as ether, ethanol, and chloroform. These characteristics set it apart for applications requiring halogenated aromatic backbones and precise solubility behaviors. The two adjacent bromines offer unique reactivity in metalation and cross-coupling chemistry.
Technical Specifications & Labeling
Industrial-grade 1,2-dibromobenzene products often contain 98% or higher purity. Analytical labs typically seek batches with minimal trace contamination by mono- or tribromo derivatives, since impurities can throw off critical synthetic steps. Containers carry hazard labels highlighting flammability, toxicity by inhalation, and danger to aquatic life under GHS and local regulations. Some manufacturers include batch-specific spectroscopic data, especially for high-purity or custom-labeled supplies, while others focus on supply chain tracking to keep shipments compliant with international movement of hazardous goods. Accurate labeling reduces risk in storage and use, and helps maintain traceability for regulated industries like pharma and electronics.
Preparation Method
Commercial synthesis of 1,2-dibromobenzene still depends largely on bromination of benzene or mono-bromobenzenes, using iron or another Lewis acid as a catalyst. Control over temperature, bromine addition rate, and mixing intensity guides the selectivity toward the ortho isomer. Once synthesized, the mixture passes through distillation or recrystallization to separate unreacted starting materials and structural isomers. Many labs improve purity by washing with bases to remove acidic byproducts, followed by drying and filtration. Even though alternative methods pop up in recent literature—like transition-metal-catalyzed coupling of halobenzenes—traditional halogenation remains dominant, owing to cost and reliability.
Chemical Reactions & Modifications
Organic chemists see 1,2-dibromobenzene as a robust building block. Its C–Br bonds give it entry to a wide range of transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, especially Suzuki–Miyaura and Ullmann couplings, where it anchors biaryl synthesis or links aromatic fragments. Lithiation at one bromine position followed by electrophile quench leads to ortho-functionalized products, much valued in pharmaceutical or ligand development. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution can proceed if activated by additional electron-withdrawing groups. Modification of the product backbone, such as turning one bromine into a Grignard intermediate for further coupling, expands synthetic strategies. Its use as a synthon in materials research enables formation of flexible frameworks and new functional polymers.
Synonyms & Product Names
In the chemical catalogues, 1,2-dibromobenzene goes by various names: ortho-dibromobenzene, o-dibromobenzene, 1,2-dibromo-1,2-dihydrobenzene, and Benzene, 1,2-dibromo-. On regulatory registries, it turns up under names set by IUPAC and CAS, with identifiers such as CAS 583-53-9. Some suppliers designate it with internally-coded numbers or attach “solution in [solvent]” to mark specialty blends. Researchers sometimes call it 1,2-DBB or simply “o-DBB” in their notes. This multitude of names can complicate literature searches and regulatory filings, so experience proves valuable in making sure everyone is talking about the same substance.
Safety & Operational Standards
Handling 1,2-dibromobenzene requires a good understanding of chemical safety. Direct skin or eye exposure may cause irritation, and vapor inhalation produces dizziness or respiratory distress. Workplace guidelines call for gloves, goggles, and fume hoods. Facilities working with the compound need rigorous training for spill response, monitoring of airborne concentrations, and waste collection—the Environmental Protection Agency lists this as a hazardous substance, so disposal must run through certified channels. In transport, strict labeling helps prevent leaks or misidentification. Factories often install vapor recovery and scrubbers to lower process emissions, and regular health screenings for workers can serve as an early warning against chronic exposure.
Application Area
This compound finds use across an impressive range of sectors. In pharmaceutical synthesis, it often enters as a key intermediate for drugs targeting central nervous disorders, inflammation, and certain chemotherapeutics. Materials science labs include it in designs for organic semiconductors, photoactive polymers, and corrosion-resistant coatings. Agrochemical producers use it for synthesis of complex pesticide actives. Research institutions rely on it in the study of reaction mechanisms and as a precursor to designer ligands for catalysis. Compared to its cousins—other halo-benzenes—1,2-dibromobenzene supplies a different balance of reactivity and selectivity, which often favors tough bond constructions and functionalization at the ortho position.
Research & Development
Laboratories keep 1,2-dibromobenzene involved in new investigations. The new wave of cross-coupling techniques—using nickel, palladium, and copper as catalysts—leans heavily on this substrate to test reactivity and broaden the scope of reaction partners. Chemists developing custom polymers for electronics appreciate its role, as the dibromo pattern enables regular backbone extension and tuning of electronic properties. Environmental chemists monitor its fate and breakdown in soil and water, both for its hazard profile and for the opportunity to spot novel degradation pathways relevant to pollution control. Ongoing research pushes for greener bromination methods, and for recycling of waste streams holding this compound, as sustainability demands better life-cycle management of hazardous organics.
Toxicity Research
Animal studies point to increased risks from repeated exposure, including effects on the kidney, liver, and nervous system. Short-term contact tends to irritate the skin and eyes, while ingestion or inhalation may depress central nervous system functions. Animal data suggest a need for caution in chronic, low-level exposures, though human data remain more limited. Regulatory agencies set exposure limits and track environmental releases for good reason. Current toxicity research focuses on understanding metabolite pathways and potential carcinogenicity, hoping to head off issues before they scale into broader health effects similar to some older brominated aromatics. Industrial users face significant oversight, with requirements to monitor worker exposure and manage all waste materials with care.
Future Prospects
With advances in halogenated synthons, 1,2-dibromobenzene sustains its relevance. Chemists see promise in driving down the environmental burden by making production routes cleaner—using recycled bromine, closed-loop water systems, and more precise catalyst management. In green chemistry, shifts toward selective monofunctionalization or tandem coupling aim to slice out extraneous steps and cut down waste. New application streams could arise as solar cell research calls for highly-conjugated, processable polymers built from ortho-linked arenes. Efforts in toxicology and remediation research may also improve long-term handling, driving incentives for smart substitutes or push for engineered bacteria aimed at safe degradation. Through my own years with synthetic and analytical labs, the clear trend circles around sustainable innovation—making classic, reliable molecules like 1,2-dibromobenzene work better, cleaner, and with less risk at every step.
Not Just a Lab Chemical
Talk of benzene derivatives usually stays behind closed lab doors, but 1,2-Dibromobenzene actually has more reach than most people expect. The stuff shows up as a building block in making pharmaceuticals, dyes, and a batch of flavor or fragrance chemicals. Chemists who work in organic synthesis—my former team included—have drawn on 1,2-Dibromobenzene for its role in creating more complex molecules. Its two bromine atoms, stuck to a benzene ring, make it a popular pick for reactions where control matters.
Crucial for Further Transformations
Saying 1,2-Dibromobenzene is just a starting point feels like selling it short. Consider the Ullmann reaction, widely used in making biaryl compounds. This classical reaction needs a halogenated aromatic like 1,2-Dibromobenzene. The ability to swap those bromines for other functional groups lets scientists assemble molecules found in high-value drugs or specialty polymers.
I remember running a few of these syntheses myself. The moment we saw that brownish liquid in the flask, we knew the next step would set the tone for the rest of the project. Among its better-known uses: manufacturing herbicides and fungicides. Agrochemicals companies value efficiency, and any shortcut to targeted molecular structures saves both time and money.
Part of Everyday Goods
It’s easy to forget how the same chemicals popping up in chemistry journals can wind up helping farmers fight mold or help a company improve a colorfast dye. 1,2-Dibromobenzene fits into both those stories. It’s used to craft certain pigments, especially for fibers and plastics. Since manufacturers want coloring agents that won’t wash away or fade fast, they need a precursor that plays nicely with other ingredients, and 1,2-Dibromobenzene often fits the bill.
Safety at the Center
Now, not everything about 1,2-Dibromobenzene is rosy. Breathing the fumes or letting it touch bare skin can cause irritation. There’s evidence pointing to harmful effects if handled carelessly over a long stretch. Industry experience taught me straight-up: no shortcuts around safety. Well-ventilated hoods, proper gloves, and sharp attention to disposal rules all matter. The Environmental Protection Agency tracks chemicals like this for a reason—risks linger if companies act carelessly.
Information from the International Agency for Research on Cancer lists compounds with similar structure in their watch lists. While no workers I know reported health events directly tied to 1,2-Dibromobenzene, those prevention measures never felt optional.
Moving Toward Greener Chemistry
Plenty of researchers want cleaner, less toxic chemicals on their benches. Green chemistry has started changing which reagents teams pick. There’s ongoing work around swapping in more eco-friendly halogen sources or stronger containment measures, especially in factories. I’ve seen companies introduce closed-loop systems—recovering and reusing solvents—to keep hazardous waste off the shop floor.
Step by step, those efforts add up. The goal is to keep 1,2-Dibromobenzene working as a useful tool without ignoring its side effects. That means better training, investment in research, and treating the substance with respect. Experience in industry and academia keeps proving that safety and sustainability walk hand-in-hand, even with chemicals that most people never hear about.
Unpacking the Formula: Elementary Building Blocks
Science classes taught us that every molecule tells a story through its formula. 1,2-Dibromobenzene offers a perfect example. The molecular formula, C6H4Br2, comes from benzene’s six carbon atoms locked in a ring, four hydrogen atoms, and two bromine atoms pinned at neighboring positions on that ring—positions scientists label as 1 and 2.
Learning this formula may seem like lab trivia, but a closer look reveals patterns at play in pharmaceuticals, plastics, and dyes. The details matter from the high school bench to a commercial research lab. Memorizing the skeleton of benzene—C6H6—helps predict what happens after swapping hydrogen atoms with bromine. Lose two hydrogens, gain two bromines, and now you’ve got a new compound behaving differently from plain benzene or even from sister molecules where bromines sit further apart.
Why 1,2-Dibromobenzene Gets Its Own Chapter
Bringing bromines onto the benzene ring transforms the molecule. Properties shift, uses multiply, and safety needs tighter attention. In my college years, we used small samples of halogenated benzenes for organic synthesis. One splash from a dropped flask told us why chemists extend safety protocols. Brominated benzenes, unlike their hydrocarbon parents, demand gloves and a steady hand, since they pack toxicity thanks to the bromines hitching along. Recognizing the formula on a label helps anyone in a lab dodge unnecessary risks by knowing exactly what sits inside the bottle.
This compound tends to crop up in real-world chemistry. Chemical manufacturers often produce 1,2-dibromobenzene as a starting point for building still more complex molecules. It sees use in making drugs, new materials, and those familiar blue and green dyes bringing color to fabrics and plastics. Its structure, with those bromines side-by-side, lets it react in predictable, controllable ways. That reliability saves time and expense when scaling up for industry. The team I worked with during an internship valued it for this reason—order, react, isolate, and move on to the next step.
Responsible Handling and Green Chemistry
Like many brominated compounds, 1,2-dibromobenzene sits on the radar for health agencies. Its toxicity and persistence in the environment mean anyone using or disposing of it has to think ahead. Mistakes in its handling can linger long after the experiment ends. Recent drives toward green chemistry push for alternatives or safer processes. Chemists keep searching for less persistent molecules without the drawbacks of heavy halogens or find catalysts that cut down on byproducts.
The main lesson from working with molecules like 1,2-dibromobenzene runs deeper than memorizing formulas. Each detail—each carbon, hydrogen, and bromine—translates into real effects on health, the environment, and technological progress. Understanding this helps every scientist, teacher, and student appreciate why formulas and chemical names are more than word puzzles—they are keys to understanding, safety, and progress.
The Path Forward: Knowledge and Caution
C6H4Br2 as a molecular formula may feel like a small fact, but its influence spreads widely. Clear labeling, attention to chemical structure, and a drive for safer options all grow from this starting point. Anyone working with chemicals carries an obligation to recognize not just names, but the qualities hiding in those numbers and letters. Getting this right means safer labs, cleaner industries, and smarter chemistry for tomorrow.
Looking at 1,2-Dibromobenzene and Everyday Risk
Walking into any chemical lab, a person finds shelves full of bottles labeled with names most folks won’t recognize. 1,2-Dibromobenzene is one of those names. This colorless liquid gets used in chemical research and manufacturing, but few outside those circles stop to think about what it does to human health. The way it smells—sharp and chemical—gives away that it’s not something safe to splash around. Some folks mistake “industrial” for “safe under control,” but danger doesn’t take a break just because someone uses gloves and goggles.
Evidence and Experience: Health Hazards in the Real World
Breathing in vapors from 1,2-Dibromobenzene doesn’t just irritate the nose; people can end up with headaches, nausea, and even trouble with coordination. Skin or eye contact burns and turns red—this isn’t like washing with dish soap. Long-term exposure ramps up the risks. Studies with animals show that this chemical can hurt the liver and kidneys. More research links it with central nervous system problems and possible genetic damage. I remember a time I watched a coworker get a droplet on his skin. He washed it off right away, but less than an hour later, a rash began to form. That quick reaction shows this isn’t an ordinary household chemical.
Companies use warning labels for a reason. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and similar organizations call for serious care. 1,2-Dibromobenzene sits on lists of hazardous substances, not because regulators overreact, but because real-world incidents back up those cautions. According to PubChem and the CDC, signs of toxicity start even with low-level exposure.
Why It Matters Beyond the Lab
Many people feel distant from chemicals like this, assuming only scientists or factory workers get exposed. That’s not quite right. Old electronics and plastics sometimes leave behind tiny traces of 1,2-dibromobenzene in unexpected places. Spills or leaks can put it in water, soil, and air. Cleaning up those accidents doesn’t come easy. In my area, after a freight spill five years ago, months of fish and soil testing followed. A few local gardens saw crop damage traced back to lingering dibromobenzene.
Children face bigger risks than adults. Their bodies absorb chemicals differently, sometimes holding onto toxins longer. That adds urgency for testing and public warnings near any place with likely spills or emissions.
Smarter Solutions and Public Action
Keeping people safe from 1,2-dibromobenzene calls for more than just masks and lab coats. Training for workers must include up-to-date information on long-term health effects. Factory owners should invest in regular air monitoring and install failsafe containment. Emergency response plans need to address this chemical specifically. I’ve seen too many drills overlook medium-risk chemicals, focusing only on the “big bads” like chlorine.
At a policy level, enforcing strict limits on airborne and wastewater concentrations pays off in public health. Local communities could push for more transparency from any company using dibromobenzenes. Schools near industrial areas would benefit from outreach programs teaching families about chemical safety—even about names as unknown as this one.
Personal experience and the combined evidence from scientific studies both tell the same story. Treating 1,2-dibromobenzene as harmless ignores the facts and puts people in actual danger. That’s a risk not worth taking, whether you’re in a lab, a factory, or a neighborhood downwind from either.
Why Storage and Handling Matter
Working in a lab teaches you how easy it is to get comfortable around chemicals. Sometimes, comfort leads to carelessness, especially with common reagents like 1,2-dibromobenzene. It’s used often in organic synthesis, so people forget the risks. The reality? Mistakes add up—one wrong move leads to spills, contamination, or even injury. So smart storage and handling start with respect for what this substance can do.
Physical Hazards and Risks
Look at the hazard notes: 1,2-dibromobenzene is flammable, toxic to inhale, irritating to the skin and eyes, and harmful to aquatic life. Exposure brings headache, nausea, and dizziness. Long-term effects run deeper, hitting the liver and kidneys. Some believe gloves and goggles are enough, but real safety goes further.
Ideal Storage Setup
Chemical accidents often happen because the wrong material ends up in the wrong bottle on the wrong shelf. I learned to separate chemicals strictly—halogenated solvents (like 1,2-dibromobenzene) never share space with oxidizers or heat sources.
- Keep it in tightly sealed glass or PTFE bottles. Polyethylene or low-quality plastics break down after repeated use, spilling fumes or liquid.
- Label every bottle clearly. Handwritten tape ends up smudged or unreadable, causing confusion during emergencies. Printed, solvent-resistant labels help identify contents fast.
- The storage area should stay cool and dry, away from direct sunlight and sources of ignition. Flammable chemicals belong in fire-resistant cabinets, locked up and grounded to prevent sparks.
- Ventilation matters. Fumes collect easily—one whiff in a closed room, and you feel it in your lungs. Store in rooms equipped with proper exhaust hoods.
- Follow local laws for secondary containment. I keep chemicals inside spill trays or bunds that stop leaks from spreading onto the floor. One missed drip can trigger a costly cleanup or an environmental fine.
Smart Handling—Lessons Learned
Training never stops. You might think you know every rule by heart, but habits wear thin under pressure. Even veterans need reminders:
- Wear gloves rated for chemical resistance—nitrile or neoprene handle halogenated solvents better than basic latex.
- Splash goggles and a lab coat are standard, but chemical sleeves and face shields help during larger transfers. People forget fumes can travel—good fume hoods protect everyone.
- Never work alone. Always have a buddy or at least someone within earshot, especially during bulk transfers or mixing. Fast response saves lives if something goes sideways.
- Chemical waste should never go down the sink. Collect it in marked containers and hand it over to hazardous disposal services. It’s tempting to cut corners to save time; that mistake lives on in the soil and water table for decades.
Building a Culture of Safety
Regulations and rules aren’t burdens—they’re reminders that safety beats shortcuts. Mistakes stick with you. I recall a fellow chemist who ignored storage guidance, leaving a halogenated solvent near a heat source. The explosion wasn’t massive, but the fire scorched the bench and landed him in the hospital. Lessons paid for in sweat and injury don’t fade. Regular training, clear signage, and thinking two steps ahead keep teams safe. In the end, showing respect for 1,2-dibromobenzene and its risks sets the tone for responsible, safe research and handling in any lab or industry setting.
Why Safe Disposal Matters
Most folks wouldn’t recognize the smell or sight of 1,2-Dibromobenzene, but it’s not a chemical you’d want in your garage drain or trash can. This compound, mainly used in research and as an intermediate in chemical manufacturing, brings real risks. One mistake can turn a small spill into a big environmental headache. Breathing in vapors or letting it leak into the soil can harm both people and local wildlife. I’ve worked with solvents and halogenated compounds before, and learned early that handling them with respect isn’t just smart—it’s essential. And with the EPA keeping tabs on hazardous waste, dumping leftovers is also illegal.
Understanding the Hazards
1,2-Dibromobenzene attacks the nervous system if inhaled or absorbed through the skin. It builds up in water and soil, threatening aquatic life and lasting long after you stop seeing it. At home or in a small lab, disposal habits become personal responsibility. I remember colleagues who, out of ignorance, poured similar chemicals down the drain. Their local water district ended up tracing contamination back to their building—costing them fines and community trust. No one wants that kind of legacy.
Recommended Steps for Safe Disposal
The safest move includes bringing in professionals. Licensed hazardous waste disposal companies handle this stuff daily. Municipalities often run days for chemical drop-off for businesses and residents, and that’s a good place to start. Sealed, clearly labeled containers matter—a label with the full name, concentration if known, and date goes a long way for everyone’s safety.
Storing waste isn’t trivial. Leak-proof glass or compatible plastic containers, stored out of sunlight and away from other chemicals, stop reactions and spills. I never forgot to double-bag my lab waste after once losing a single cheap cap and dealing with an overnight mess.
Why DIY Disposal Is Not the Solution
A drain or dumpster might seem tempting. But local water treatment plants aren’t built to filter out exotic aromatics like 1,2-Dibromobenzene—traces end up in rivers or groundwater. Burning it isn’t safer. Combustion releases brominated dioxins—not just unpleasant, but carcinogenic. Plenty of people think small quantities won’t matter, but when combined, these shortcuts make a big problem.
Finding Practical Solutions
Ask the supplier for a chemical safety data sheet. Most include instructions for emergency spills or regular disposal. Universities and hospitals usually provide collection programs, even for researchers with a single bottle left over from an old project. In some places, the Department of Environmental Quality offers guidance for household or small business users. I’ve found that a quick call or email often connects people with proper collection, not just for “big labs,” but even hobbyists or home tinkerers.
In my experience, responsible labs keep a log of who disposes what, and when. That paper trail helps clear up questions if anything goes wrong down the line. It’s not about red tape. It’s about accountability, and protecting the community. Telling the next user how to deal with leftovers—putting instructions on a sticky note or next to the bottle—also helps prevent silent mistakes.
Better Habits, Healthier Communities
Disposing of 1,2-Dibromobenzene safely means more than just following rules. It builds a culture where safety comes first. I’ve watched teams change, moving from shortcuts to careful habits, and seen the difference in morale and reputation. Waste isn’t just about what's leftover—it's about what kind of neighbor you want to be. Solutions already exist; it just takes a small push to use them.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 1,2-dibromobenzene |
| Other names |
ortho-Dibromobenzene
o-Dibromobenzene 1,2-Dibromo-1,2-dihydrobenzene |
| Pronunciation | /ˈwaɪl.dʒə ˌdaɪˌbroʊ.moʊˈbɛn.ziːn/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 583-53-9 |
| Beilstein Reference | 136873 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:34682 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL33375 |
| ChemSpider | 6769 |
| DrugBank | DB14166 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03d966b7-41a2-4871-b428-13c78dbb8415 |
| EC Number | 602-087-00-6 |
| Gmelin Reference | 60781 |
| KEGG | C01484 |
| MeSH | D003975 |
| PubChem CID | 7231 |
| RTECS number | DI8580000 |
| UNII | 49AYO3XX2C |
| UN number | UN1992 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C6H4Br2 |
| Molar mass | 235.90 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow liquid |
| Odor | aromatic |
| Density | 1.98 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Solubility in water | slightly soluble |
| log P | 3.74 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.4 mmHg (25 °C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 73.0 |
| Basicity (pKb) | Basicity (pKb) : 18.53 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -74.6·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.597 |
| Viscosity | 2.04 cP (25°C) |
| Dipole moment | 2.38 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 109.5 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | –3.5 kJ·mol⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -3727.7 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS07,GHS09 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302, H315, H319, H411 |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P310, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P337+P313, P363, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-2-0 |
| Flash point | 65 °C (closed cup) |
| Autoignition temperature | 572 °C |
| Explosive limits | 1.4–9.2% (in air) |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 oral rat 1230 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): Oral rat LD50 = 1430 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | DH4025000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.1 ppm |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | 100 ppm |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Bromobenzene
1,3-Dibromobenzene 1,4-Dibromobenzene Chlorobenzene 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 1,2-Diiodobenzene |
